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The chloroplast genome of Adiantum reniforme var. sinense, an endangered fern endemic to China.

ABSTRACT: Adiantum reniforme var. sinense, a rare and endangered fern endemic to Chongqing, China, has been listed as one of the National Key Protected Wild Plants (Class I) in China. Here we assembled its chloroplast genome (cp genome) using Illumina sequencing reads to offer a genetic resource for future conservation genetic studies. The complete cp genome of A. reniforme var. sinense was 150,109 bp in length with an overall GC content of 42.85%. It contains a large single copy (LSC) region of 83,274 bp and a small single copy (SSC) region of 21,459 bp, separated by a pair of inverted repeat regions (IRs) of 22,688 bp each. The cp genome contains 84 protein coding genes, 28 tRNA genes, four rRNA genes, and one pseudogene (ψrps16). Phylogenetic analysis showed that A. reniforme var. sinense clustered together with four other Adiantum species and was sister to A. capillus-veneris.

SUBMITTER: Chen J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7782870 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundThere are different opinions about the relationship of two disjunctively distributed varieties Adiantum reniforme L. var. sinense Y.X.Lin and Adiantum reniforme L. Adiantum reniforme var. sinense is an endangered fern only distributed in a narrowed region of Chongqing city in China, while Adiantum reniforme var. reniforme just distributed in Canary Islands and Madeira off the north-western African coast. To verify the relationship of these two taxa, relative phylogenetic analyses, karyotype analyses, microscopic spore observations and morphological studies were performed in this study. Besides, divergence time between A. reniforme var. sinense and A. reniforme var. reniforme was estimated using GTR model according to a phylogeny tree constructed with the three cpDNA markers atpA, atpB, and rbcL.ResultsPhylogenetic results and divergence time analyses--all individuals of A. reniforme var. sinense from 4 different populations (representing all biogeographic distributions) were clustered into one clade and all individuals of A. reniforme var. reniforme from 7 different populations (all biogeographic distributions are included) were clustered into another clade. The divergence between A. reniforme var. reniforme and A. reniforme var. sinense was estimated to be 4.94 (2.26-8.66) Myr. Based on karyotype analyses, A. reniforme var. reniforme was deduced to be hexaploidy with 2n = 180, X = 30, while A. reniforme var. sinense was known as tetraploidy. Microscopic spore observations suggested that surface ornamentation of A. reniforme var. reniforme is psilate, but that of A. reniforme var. sinense is rugate. Leaf blades of A. reniforme var. sinense are membranous and reniform and with several obvious concentric rings, and leaves of A. reniforme var. reniforme are pachyphyllous and coriaceous and are much rounder and similar to palm.ConclusionAdiantum reniforme var. sinense is an independent species rather than the variety of Adiantum reniforme var. reniforme. As a result, we approve Adiantum nelumboides X. C. Zhang, nom. & stat. nov. as a legal name instead of the former Adiantum reniforme var. sinense. China was determined to be the most probable evolution centre based on the results of phylogenetic analyses, divergence estimation, relative palaeogeography and palaeoclimate materials.

Dataset Information

The chloroplast genome of Adiantum reniforme var. sinense, an endangered fern endemic to China.

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