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Phylogenetic Analysis of the Dengue Virus Strains Causing the 2019 Dengue Fever Outbreak in Hainan, China.

ABSTRACT: Dengue virus is an arthropod-borne pathogen that is transmitted to humans primarily by Aedes spp. mosquitos, causing the acute infectious disease, dengue fever (DF). Until 2019, no dengue outbreak had been reported in Hainan Province for over 20 years. However, in early September of 2019, an increasing number of infected cases appeared and the DF outbreak lasted for over one month in Haikou City, Hainan Province. In our study, we collected 97 plasma samples from DF patients at three hospitals, as well as 1585 mosquito larvae samples from puddles in different areas of Haikou. There were 49 (50.5%) plasma samples found to be strongly positive and 9 (9.3%) plasma samples were weakly positive against the NS1 antigen. We discovered DENV both in the patient's plasma samples and mosquito larvae samples, and isolated the virus from C6/36 cells inoculated with the acute phase serum of patients. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the new strains were the most closely related to the epidemic strain in the southern regions of China, belonging to lineage IV, genotype I, DENV-1. Compared to the seven closest strains from neighboring countries and provinces, a total of 18 amino acid mutations occurred in the coding sequences (CDS) of the new isolated strain, DENV1 HMU-HKU-2. Our data shows that dengue virus is re-emerged in Hainan, and pose new threats for public health. Thus regular molecular epidemiological surveillance is necessary for control and prevention of DENV transmission.

SUBMITTER: Du J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7783495 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundDengue poses a large burden on the public health systems worldwide. severe dengue (SD) could lead to more serious clinical symptoms and even death. This study aimed to identify the cause of SD in a clinical trial during the dengue outbreak in Xishuangbanna in 2019, and could provide new insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of SD.MethodsMosquito-borne viral (DENV, JEV, and CHIKV) infections were identified. The epidemiological factors and clinical symptoms of inpatients in Xishuangbanna were recorded. The IgG and IgM levels in the serum of dengue inpatients were evaluated, and secondary infections were identified. Then, the structural proteins (C/PrM/E) were sequenced and compared with those of the same type of DENV in the same area as before, and their structures were predicted by the SWISS-MODEL (expasy.org). The full-length viral genomes were sequenced and aligned with representative strains by BioEidt or MEGA 5.0.ResultsIn this outbreak, the clinical symptoms were more serious in SD. The proportion of SD inpatients of male and Han nationality was larger than that of dengue fever (DF) inpatients (p < 0.05). DENV-2 infection was the majority in DF, with 45 inpatients. However, DENV-1 infection was the most common SD, with 54 inpatients. There were 3 DENV-3-positive inpatients in the DF group and 6 ZIKV-positive inpatients in the SD group. A secondary infection accounted for 76.47% (78 cases) of SD inpatients, but secondary infections were only in 20% (17 cases) of DF inpatients. In the three-dimensional structure of protein analysis, the C/PrM/E of DENV-1 and DENV-2 showed more stability than previous epidemic strains, while DENV-3 in 2019 showed a looser spatial structure. After a complete genome sequencing and analysis, all six DENV-2 strains belonged to cosmopolitan, five of which clustered into one branch. The GC/AT of the five strains decreased from 2014 to 2018. Compared with DF strains, SD strains had no mutations of commonness.ConclusionsSD may related to secondary heteromorphic dengue in Xishuangbanna in 2019. The coinfection of ZIKV could be another related factor for SD. The currently datas were very limited and only suggestive.

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Phylogenetic Analysis of the Dengue Virus Strains Causing the 2019 Dengue Fever Outbreak in Hainan, China.

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