CKD of Unknown Origin in Supebeda, Chhattisgarh, India.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Chowdhary P
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7783575 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jan
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
CKD of Unknown Origin in Supebeda, Chhattisgarh, India.
Chowdhary Prawash P Rathore Vinay V Jain Kamlesh K Galhotra Abhiruchi A Verma Nirmal N Kale Sanjeev Anant SA Nagarkar Nitin M NM Jha Vivekanand V
Kidney international reports 20201022 1
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Project description:BackgroundIndia is among the most severely affected countries in the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic, second to the USA. Until July 2022, there were 43 million confirmed Covid-19 cases, with 0.53 million Covid-19 deaths in India. Chhattisgarh, the twelfth-highest affected state by Covid-19 disease, has had an enormous mortality toll, with 14,046 deaths by 15th July 2022. This study is a descriptive analysis of the Covid-19 deaths across Chhattisgarh from September 2021 to February 2022 (the third pandemic wave).Materials and methodsAll Covid-19 deaths that occurred between September 2021 to February 2022 were line-listed, and family members of all who died in the hospital were interviewed.Results356 Covid-19 deaths were included in the present study. The top three districts which observed maximum deaths (63.48%) were Raipur (27.53%), Durg (15.45%), and Bilaspur (7.87%). Around 50% of the deceased were of age 65 years or above. The male deaths were twice as compared to the female deaths. The RT-PCR was the most used testing method, followed by RAT. Most of the admissions (58%) were in a government facility. Among the deceased, 60% had one or two associated comorbidities. Hypertension and Diabetes were the most common comorbidity identified. Almost 90% of patients were symptomatic. Breathlessness was the most common symptom. Half of the deceased were not vaccinated. The median expenditure on Covid-19 management was ₹ 50,000 (€ 565.13).ConclusionThe deaths in the study were urban-centric. Higher Covid-19 mortality was observed in unvaccinated older men (≥65 years) with one or more comorbidity.
| S-EPMC10931895 | biostudies-literature
Project description:AimThis study aims to assess the health worker absenteeism and factors associated with it in a high-focus district in Chhattisgarh, India.BackgroundHuman resources for health are among the key foundations to build resilient healthcare systems. Chhattisgarh is a high-focus Indian state with a severe shortage of health care workers, and absenteeism further aggravates the shortage.MethodsThis study was conducted as a mixed-methods study employing sequential explanatory design. Absenteeism was defined as the absence of health worker in the designated position without a formal leave or official reason in two different unannounced visits. A facility survey across all the public healthcare facilities in Jashpur district, Chhattisgarh, was conducted through random, unannounced visits employing a checklist developed based on Indian Public Health Standards. Twelve participants were purposively sampled and interviewed from healthcare facilities to explore factors associated with absenteeism. Survey data were analysed descriptively, and thematic analysis was employed to analyse qualitative interviews.FindingsAmong all the positions filled at primary health centre level (n = 339), close to 8% (n = 27) were absent, whereas among the positions filled at community health centre level (n = 285), only 1.14% (n = 4) were absent. Absenteeism was not found in the district hospital. Qualitative interviews reveal that macro-level (geographical location and lack of connectivity), meso-level (lack of equipment and amenities, makeshift health facilities, doctor shortage, and poor patient turnover), and micro-level (unmet expectations) factors contribute to health worker absenteeism.ConclusionHealth worker absenteeism was more at PHC level. Systemic challenges, human resource shortages, and infrastructural shortcomings contributed to health worker absenteeism.
| S-EPMC11569847 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Forty six patients of fever of unknown origin in Service Hospitals who met the standard criteria were studied between 1989 and 1997. Infectious diseases contributed 21 patients (45.65%) of which 13 (28.26%) were diagnosed to have tuberculosis. Eight patients each (17.39%) of malignancies and collagen vascular diseases were seen, solid tumours were found in 5 patients. One (2.17%) patient had intrabdominal abscess. No diagnosis was made in 4 (8.69%) patients. The pattern and height of fever bore no correlation to aetiology. Serially repeated radiograph of chest was the most contributory investigation giving diagnostic information in 41.3%. Tissue/body fluid biopsy and cytology, serology, ultrasonography, computerised tomography and laparotomy were other useful investigations.
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Project description:Massive ascites of unknown origin is an uncommon condition, which represent a diagnostic challenge. Patients with delayed diagnosis and treatment may have a poor prognosis. A 22-year-old female was referred to this hospital due to a 4-year progressive abdominal distension with massive ascites of unknown origin. By thorough investigations, she was eventually diagnosed as chronic calcified constrictive pericarditis. She received pericardiectomy and had an uneventful postoperative course. With a few day paracentesis, ascites did not progress any more. She was doing well at 5-month follow-up and has returned to work. Extracardiac manifestations, such as massive ascites and liver cirrhosis, were rare in patients with constrictive pericarditis. Pericardiectomy can be a radical solution for the treatment of chronic constrictive pericarditis. In order to avoid delayed diagnosis and treatment, physicians have to bear in mind this rare manifestation of chronic calcified constrictive pericarditis.
| S-EPMC3931601 | biostudies-other
Project description:Rice, wheat, and maize grains are staple foods, widely consumed for their mineral and nutritional values. However, they can accumulate toxic elements from contaminated soils, posing health risks. This study investigates the bioaccumulation patterns of 52 elements (including nutrients, heavy metals, and rare earth elements) in various parts (grain, husk, straw, and root) of cereals grown in a heavily polluted region. The results revealed that rice grains exhibited a higher accumulation (Σ33.4 mg/kg) of toxic elements (As, Cu, Cr, Ni, and Pb) than wheat (Σ26.6 mg/kg) and maize (Σ16.2 mg/kg) grains, with the high-yield RI64 cultivar (Σ47.0 mg/kg) being the most susceptible. Across the rice plant, accumulation increased in the order of grain < husk < straw < root. Elements like P, K, Cu, and Zn showed the highest enrichment. Worryingly, the most toxic elements, such as As, Pb, and Cd, exceeded permissible limits across grains, straws, and husks. Health risk assessment indicated that wheat and maize pose greater non-cancer and cancer risks than rice. Despite being grown in a highly contaminated region, the study identifies some rice cultivars like Luchai and Sarna as relatively safer options due to a lower accumulation of toxic elements.
| S-EPMC11769171 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionPrimary health care has regained its importance in global policy making. In 2018, the Government of India initiated the Ayushman Bharat - Comprehensive Primary Health Care (AB-CPHC) programme. It was based on upgrading the existing primary health facilities into Health and Wellness Centers (HWCs). The current study aimed to assess the readiness and performance of HWCs in providing comprehensive primary health care services in India's Chhattisgarh state.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional health facility assessment with a state-representative sample of 404 HWCs. A standardized health facility survey tool was used to collect information on essential inputs and service outputs of HWCs. The expected population healthcare needs were estimated using secondary sources. The performance of HWCs was assessed by comparing the volume of services provided against the expected population need for outpatient care.ResultsOn an average, 358 outpatients including 128 non-communicable disease (NCD) patients were treated monthly at an HWC. HWCs were able to cover 31% of the total population's health need for outpatient care, 26% for hypertension, and 21% for diabetes care. In addition to services for reproductive and child health, HWCs provided services for common acute ailments (cold, cough, fever, aches and pains); infections of skin, eye, ear, and reproductive tract, and minor injuries. HWCs were also contributing significantly to national disease control programmes. Acute ailments followed by NCDs and communicable diseases had the largest share among services provided. The key gaps were in coverage of mental illnesses and chronic respiratory diseases. Most of the HWCs showed adequate readiness for the availability of required human resources, supplies, and infrastructure.ConclusionHWCs were able to provide a comprehensive range of primary care services and able to cater to a sizable portion of the rural population's acute and chronic health care needs. The performance was made possible by the adequate availability of medicines, staff, training programmes and tele-consultation linkages. If HWCs in other states are able to reach a similar level of performance, the initiative will prove to be a game changer for equitable primary care in India.
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Project description:Malaria being an endemic disease in the state of Chhattisgarh and ecologically dependent mosquito-borne disease, the study is intended to identify the ecological covariates of malaria risk in districts of the state and to build a suitable predictive model based on those predictors which could assist developing a weather based early warning system. This secondary data based analysis used one month lagged district level malaria positive cases as response variable and ecological covariates as independent variables which were tested with fixed effect panelled negative binomial regression models. Interactions among the covariates were explored using two way factorial interaction in the model. Although malaria risk in the state possesses perennial characteristics, higher parasitic incidence was observed during the rainy and winter seasons. The univariate analysis indicated that the malaria incidence risk was statistically significant associated with rainfall, maximum humidity, minimum temperature, wind speed, and forest cover (p < 0.05). The efficient predictive model include the forest cover [IRR-1.033 (1.024-1.042)], maximum humidity [IRR-1.016 (1.013-1.018)], and two-way factorial interactions between district specific averaged monthly minimum temperature and monthly minimum temperature, monthly minimum temperature was statistically significant [IRR-1.44 (1.231-1.695)] whereas the interaction term has a protective effect [IRR-0.982 (0.974-0.990)] against malaria infections. Forest cover, maximum humidity, minimum temperature and wind speed emerged as potential covariates to be used in predictive models for modelling the malaria risk in the state which could be efficiently used for early warning systems in the state.
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