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Spectral Power in Marmoset Frontal Motor Cortex during Natural Locomotor Behavior.

ABSTRACT: During primate arboreal locomotion, substrate orientation modifies body axis orientation and biomechanical contribution of fore- and hindlimbs. To characterize the role of cortical oscillations in integrating these locomotor demands, we recorded electrocorticographic activity from left dorsal premotor, primary motor, and supplementary motor cortices of three common marmosets moving across a branch-like small-diameter pole, fixed horizontally or vertically. Animals displayed behavioral adjustments to the task, namely, the horizontal condition mainly induced quadrupedal walk with pronated/neutral forelimb postures, whereas the vertical condition induced walk and bound gaits with supinated/neutral postures. Examination of cortical activity suggests that ? (16-35 Hz) and ? (75-100 Hz) oscillations could reflect different processes in locomotor adjustments. During task, modulation of ? ERS by substrate orientation (horizontal/vertical) and epoch (preparation/execution) suggests close tuning to movement dynamics and biomechanical demands. ? ERD was essentially modulated by gait (walk/bound), which could illustrate contribution to movement sequence and coordination. At rest, modulation of ? power by substrate orientation underlines its role in sensorimotor processes for postural maintenance.

SUBMITTER: Tia B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7786367 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Spectral Power in Marmoset Frontal Motor Cortex during Natural Locomotor Behavior.

Tia Banty B Takemi Mitsuaki M Kosugi Akito A Castagnola Elisa E Ricci Davide D Ushiba Junichi J Fadiga Luciano L Iriki Atsushi A

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) 20210101 2

During primate arboreal locomotion, substrate orientation modifies body axis orientation and biomechanical contribution of fore- and hindlimbs. To characterize the role of cortical oscillations in integrating these locomotor demands, we recorded electrocorticographic activity from left dorsal premotor, primary motor, and supplementary motor cortices of three common marmosets moving across a branch-like small-diameter pole, fixed horizontally or vertically. Animals displayed behavioral adjustment ...[more]

PMID: 33068002

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Project description:Contrary to cats and primates, cortical contribution to hindlimb locomotor movements is not critical in rats. However, the importance of the motor cortex to regain locomotion after neurological disorders in rats suggests that cortical engagement in hindlimb motor control may depend on the behavioral context. To investigate this possibility, we recorded whole-body kinematics, muscle synergies, and hindlimb motor cortex modulation in freely moving rats performing a range of natural locomotor procedures. We found that the activation of hindlimb motor cortex preceded gait initiation. During overground locomotion, the motor cortex exhibited consistent neuronal population responses that were synchronized with the spatiotemporal activation of hindlimb motoneurons. Behaviors requiring enhanced muscle activity or skilled paw placement correlated with substantial adjustment in neuronal population responses. In contrast, all rats exhibited a reduction of cortical activity during more automated behavior, such as stepping on a treadmill. Despite the facultative role of the motor cortex in the production of locomotion in rats, these results show that the encoding of hindlimb features in motor cortex dynamics is comparable in rats and cats. However, the extent of motor cortex modulations appears linked to the degree of volitional engagement and complexity of the task, reemphasizing the importance of goal-directed behaviors for motor control studies, rehabilitation, and neuroprosthetics. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT:We mapped the neuronal population responses in the hindlimb motor cortex to hindlimb kinematics and hindlimb muscle synergies across a spectrum of natural locomotion behaviors. Robust task-specific neuronal population responses revealed that the rat motor cortex displays similar modulation as other mammals during locomotion. However, the reduced motor cortex activity during more automated behaviors suggests a relationship between the degree of engagement and task complexity. This relationship emphasizes the importance of the behavioral procedure to engage the motor cortex during motor control studies, gait rehabilitation, and locomotor neuroprosthetic developments in rats.

Dataset Information

Spectral Power in Marmoset Frontal Motor Cortex during Natural Locomotor Behavior.

Publications

Spectral Power in Marmoset Frontal Motor Cortex during Natural Locomotor Behavior.

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