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Effect of different sweeteners on the oral microbiota and immune system of Sprague Dawley rats.

ABSTRACT: Sucrose, xylose, and saccharin are commonly used beverage additives and long-term consumption of these compounds inevitably affects the oral immune system and the composition of oral microbiomes. In this study, we used 24 Sprague Dawley rats divided into four groups, i.e., sucrose, saccharin, xylose, or pure water treated over an eight week period to evaluate any changes in the composition, community structure, and function of the oral microbiomes. At the end of the treatment period, we collected oral microbiome samples from each animal and subjected them to high-throughput sequencing. We also used ELISA to determine the concentration of salivary immunoglobulin in these rats to reveal the effect of sweetener on the oral immune system. Sequencing results demonstrated that Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, remained the predominant phyla, but we found that the oral microbial diversity of rats drinking sucrose water was significantly higher than that of the other groups. Our results indicate that drinking water supplemented with sweeteners may influence oral immunity as well as the composition, metabolic function, and diversity of the oral microbiota, thereby disrupting the oral microbiome.

SUBMITTER: Cheng X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7788136 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effect of different sweeteners on the oral microbiota and immune system of Sprague Dawley rats.

Cheng Xi X Guo Xiurong X Huang Feihong F Lei Hui H Zhou Quan Q Song Can C

AMB Express 20210106 1

Sucrose, xylose, and saccharin are commonly used beverage additives and long-term consumption of these compounds inevitably affects the oral immune system and the composition of oral microbiomes. In this study, we used 24 Sprague Dawley rats divided into four groups, i.e., sucrose, saccharin, xylose, or pure water treated over an eight week period to evaluate any changes in the composition, community structure, and function of the oral microbiomes. At the end of the treatment period, we collecte ...[more]

PMID: 33409714

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Project description:An aging-induced decrease in Schwann cell viability can affect regeneration following peripheral nerve injury in mammals. It is therefore necessary to investigate possible age-related changes in gene expression that may affect the biological function of peripheral nerves. Ten 1-week-old and ten 12-month-old healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into young (1 week old) and adult (12 months old) groups according to their ages. mRNA expression in the sciatic nerve was compared between young and adult rats using next-generation sequencing (NGS) and bioinformatics (n = 4/group). The 18 groups of differentially expressed mRNA (DEmRNAs) were also tested by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (n = 6/group). Results revealed that (1) compared with young rats, adult rats had 3608 groups of DEmRNAs. Of these, 2684 were groups of upregulated genes, and 924 were groups of downregulated genes. Their functions mainly involved cell viability, proliferation, differentiation, regeneration, and myelination. (2) The gene with the most obvious increase of all DEmRNAs in adult rats was Thrsp (log2FC = 9.01, P < 0.05), and the gene with the most obvious reduction was Col2a1 (log2FC = -8.89, P < 0.05). (3) Gene Ontology analysis showed that DEmRNAs were mainly concentrated in oligosaccharide binding, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing one signaling pathway, and peptide-transporting ATPase activity. (4) Analysis using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes showed that, with increased age, DEmRNAs were mainly enriched in steroid biosynthesis, Staphylococcus aureus infection, and graft-versus-host disease. (5) Spearman's correlation coefficient method for evaluating NGS accuracy showed that the NGS results and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction results were positively correlated (rs = 0.74, P < 0.05). These findings confirm a difference in sciatic nerve gene expression between adult and young rats, suggesting that, in peripheral nerves, cells and the microenvironment change with age, thus influencing the function and repair of peripheral nerves.

Dataset Information

Effect of different sweeteners on the oral microbiota and immune system of Sprague Dawley rats.

Publications

Effect of different sweeteners on the oral microbiota and immune system of Sprague Dawley rats.

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