Dataset Information

Avoidable Mortality Attributable to Anthropogenic Fine Particulate Matter (PM_2.5) in Australia.

ABSTRACT: Ambient fine particulate matter <2.5 µm (PM_2.5) air pollution increases premature mortality globally. Some PM_2.5 is natural, but anthropogenic PM_2.5 is comparatively avoidable. We determined the impact of long-term exposures to the anthropogenic PM component on mortality in Australia. PM_2.5-attributable deaths were calculated for all Australian Statistical Area 2 (SA2; n = 2310) regions. All-cause death rates from Australian mortality and population databases were combined with annual anthropogenic PM_2.5 exposures for the years 2006-2016. Relative risk estimates were derived from the literature. Population-weighted average PM_2.5 concentrations were estimated in each SA2 using a satellite and land use regression model for Australia. PM_2.5-attributable mortality was calculated using a health-impact assessment methodology with life tables and all-cause death rates. The changes in life expectancy (LE) from birth, years of life lost (YLL), and economic cost of lost life years were calculated using the 2019 value of a statistical life. Nationally, long-term population-weighted average total and anthropogenic PM_2.5 concentrations were 6.5 µg/m³ (min 1.2-max 14.2) and 3.2 µg/m³ (min 0-max 9.5), respectively. Annually, anthropogenic PM_2.5-pollution is associated with 2616 (95% confidence intervals 1712, 3455) deaths, corresponding to a 0.2-year (95% CI 0.14, 0.28) reduction in LE for children aged 0-4 years, 38,962 (95%CI 25,391, 51,669) YLL and an average annual economic burden of $6.2 billion (95%CI $4.0 billion, $8.1 billion). We conclude that the anthropogenic PM_2.5-related costs of mortality in Australia are higher than community standards should allow, and reductions in emissions are recommended to achieve avoidable mortality.

SUBMITTER: Hanigan IC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7795118 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Avoidable Mortality Attributable to Anthropogenic Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) in Australia.

Hanigan Ivan C IC Broome Richard A RA Chaston Timothy B TB Cope Martin M Dennekamp Martine M Heyworth Jane S JS Heathcote Katharine K Horsley Joshua A JA Jalaludin Bin B Jegasothy Edward E Johnston Fay H FH Knibbs Luke D LD Pereira Gavin G Vardoulakis Sotiris S Vander Hoorn Stephen S Morgan Geoffrey G GG

International journal of environmental research and public health 20201231 1

Ambient fine particulate matter <2.5 µm (PM2.5) air pollution increases premature mortality globally. Some PM2.5 is natural, but anthropogenic PM2.5 is comparatively avoidable. We determined the impact of long-term exposures to the anthropogenic PM component on mortality in Australia. PM2.5-attributable deaths were calculated for all Australian Statistical Area 2 (SA2; n = 2310) regions. All-cause death rates from Australian mortality and population da ...[more]

PMID: 33396338

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Project description:The main objective of this study was chemical characterization and source apportionment of the oxidative potential of ambient PM2.5 samples collected in an urban background area in Athens, Greece. Ambient PM2.5 samples were collected during the summer (June-September) of 2017 and winter (February-March) of 2018 at a residential, urban background site in the outlying neighborhood of the Demokritos National Laboratory in Athens, Greece. The collected PM samples were analyzed for their chemical constituents including metals and trace elements, water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), elemental and organic carbon (EC/OC), and marker of biomass burning (i.e., levoglucosan). In addition, the DCFH in vitro assay was performed to determine the oxidative potential of the PM2.5 samples. We performed a series of statistical analyses, including Spearman rank-order correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and multi linear regression (MLR) to determine the most significant species (as source tracers) contributing to the oxidative potential of PM2.5. Our findings revealed that the intrinsic (per PM mass) and extrinsic (per m3 of air volume) oxidative potentials of the collected ambient PM2.5 samples were significantly higher than those measured in many urban areas around the world. The results of the MLR analyses indicated that the major pollution sources contributing to the oxidative potential of ambient PM2.5 were vehicular emissions (characterized by EC) (44%), followed by secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation (characterized by WSOC) (16%), and biomass burning (characterized by levoglucosan) (9%). The oxidative potential of the collected ambient PM2.5 samples was also higher in summer compared to the winter, mainly due to higher concentrations of EC and WSOC during this season. Results from this study corroborate the impact of traffic and SOA on the oxidative potential of ambient PM2.5 in greater Athens area, and can be helpful in adopting appropriate public health policies regarding detrimental outcomes of exposure to PM2.5.

Dataset Information

Avoidable Mortality Attributable to Anthropogenic Fine Particulate Matter (PM_2.5) in Australia.

Publications

Avoidable Mortality Attributable to Anthropogenic Fine Particulate Matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) in Australia.

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