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Drawing alcohol craving process: A systematic review of its association with thought suppression, inhibition and impulsivity.

ABSTRACT: Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a worldwide public health problem. In recent years, there has been growing evidence supporting craving, the irrepressible desire to drink, as a major mechanism implicated in AUD. Impulsivity is identified as playing a significant role in craving in many studies. However, relationships with inhibition and thought suppression remain unclear in the existing literature. A systematic review was conducted to evaluate their associations in order to better understand the cognitive processes involved in craving. Studies were identified by searching PubMed, PsycINFO and Web of Science using PRISMA procedure and PICOTS framework. There were included if they assessed craving and thought suppression or inhibition or impulsivity, and sample was composed of AUD participants. Thirteen studies were included and were categorized in accordance with the evaluated cognitive process. The first part dealt with thought suppression and the second with impulsivity and inhibition. Four studies showed a positive association between thought suppression and increased craving. Two studies showed that poorer inhibition was associated with increased craving and four studies showed that impulsivity was positively associated with craving. Three studies showed a negative association between impulsivity and inhibition and higher craving. Our review highlights the association of alcohol craving with poorer inhibition and greater impulsivity. Further investigations are needed to give support to different theories and lead to propose an integrative model involving the cognitive process of inhibition in alcohol craving.

SUBMITTER: Bernard L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7797371 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Drawing alcohol craving process: A systematic review of its association with thought suppression, inhibition and impulsivity.

Bernard Laura L Cyr Laura L Bonnet-Suard Agnès A Cutarella Christophe C Bréjard Vincent V

Heliyon 20210104 1

Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a worldwide public health problem. In recent years, there has been growing evidence supporting craving, the irrepressible desire to drink, as a major mechanism implicated in AUD. Impulsivity is identified as playing a significant role in craving in many studies. However, relationships with inhibition and thought suppression remain unclear in the existing literature. A systematic review was conducted to evaluate their associations in order to better understand the co ...[more]

PMID: 33458444

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Project description:BackgroundExtensive research indicates that having a positive family history of alcohol use disorder (FHP) and impulsivity are 2 risk factors for problem drinking. To our knowledge, no study has investigated which facets of impulsivity interact with family history to increase risk for problem drinking. The goal of this study was to: (i) examine whether FHP individuals with higher levels of impulsivity are more likely to engage in problematic drinking, and (ii) identify which facets of impulsivity interact with FHP to increase risk for problems.MethodsThe data consisted of a combined sample of 757 participants (50% female, 73% White, mean age = 32.85, SD = 11.31) drawn from the Transdisciplinary Tobacco Use Research Center and the Center for the Translational Neuroscience of Alcohol. Analyses of covariance and cumulative logistic regression models investigated the association of family history and impulsivity-related traits with drinking quantity, frequency, and alcohol-related problems. Models were adjusted for age, sex, race, ethnic group, education level, and data source.ResultsSignificant interactions between impulsivity and family history were found for measures of alcohol-related problems. Specifically, there was a stronger positive association of Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) poor self-regulation with interpersonal, F(1, 504) = 6.27, p = 0.01, and impulse control alcohol-related problems, F(1, 504) = 6.00, p = 0.01, among FHP compared to FHN individuals. Main effects of family history and impulsivity on alcohol quantity and frequency of use and problems were also found.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that having both a family history of AUD and high BIS poor self-regulation is more strongly associated with alcohol-related consequences in the interpersonal and impulse control domains. Given the heterogeneity of impulsivity, these findings highlight the need for additional research to examine which facets of impulsivity are associated with which alcohol outcomes to narrow phenotypic risk for alcohol misuse.

Project description:ObjectiveObesity is associated with impaired inhibitory control over food intake. We hypothesized that the neural circuitry underlying inhibition of food craving would be impaired in obesity. Here we assessed whether obese men show altered brain responses during attempted cognitive inhibition of craving when exposed to food cues.MethodsSixteen obese men (32 ± 8.7 years old, BMI = 38.6 ± 7.2) were compared with 11 age-matched non-obese men (BMI 24.2 ± 2.5) using PET and FDG. Brain glucose metabolism was evaluated in a food deprived state: no food stimulation, food stimulation with no inhibition (NI), and food stimulation with attempted inhibition (AI), each on a separate day. Individualized favorite food items were presented prior to and after FDG injection for 40 min. For AI, participants were asked to attempt to inhibit their desire for the food presented. Self-reports for hunger and food desire were recorded.ResultsFood stimulation compared with no stimulation increased glucose metabolism in inferior and superior frontal gyrus, default mode network and cerebellum, in both groups. For both groups, AI compared with NI-suppressed metabolism in right subgenual anterior cingulate, orbitofrontal areas, bilateral insula, and temporal gyri. There was a stimulation-by-group interaction effect in obese (but not in non-obese) men showing increased metabolism in pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC) and caudate during AI relative to NI. Changes in the food desire from NI to AI correlated negatively with changes in metabolism in pgACC/caudate in obese but not in non-obese men.ConclusionsObese men showed higher activation in pgACC/caudate, which are regions involved with self-regulation and emotion/reward during AI. Behavioral associations suggest that successful AI is an active process requiring more energy in obese but not in non-obese men. The additional required effort to increase cognitive control in response to food stimulation in obese compared with non-obese men may contribute to their uncontrolled eating behavior.

Project description:IntroductionCraving is being considered for inclusion in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) DSM-5. However, little is known of its genetic underpinnings - specifically, whether genetic influences on craving are distinct from those influencing DSM-IV alcohol dependence.MethodAnalyses were conducted in a sample of unrelated adults ascertained for alcohol dependence (N=3976). Factor analysis was performed to examine how alcohol craving loaded with the existing DSM-IV alcohol dependence criteria. For genetic analyses, we first examined whether genes in the dopamine pathway, including dopamine receptor genes (DRD1, DRD2, DRD3, DRD4) and the dopamine transporter gene (SLC6A3), which have been implicated in neurobiological studies of craving, as well as alpha-synuclein (SNCA), which has been previously found to be associated with craving, were associated with alcohol craving in this sample. Second, in an effort to identify novel genetic variants associated with craving, we conducted a genomewide association study (GWAS). For variants that were implicated in the primary analysis of craving, we conducted additional comparisons - to determine if these variants were uniquely associated with alcohol craving as compared with alcohol dependence. We contrasted our results to those obtained for DSM-IV alcohol dependence, and also compared alcohol dependent individuals without craving to non-dependent individuals who also did not crave alcohol.ResultsTwenty-one percent of the full sample reported craving alcohol. Of those reporting craving, 97.3% met criteria for DSM-IV alcohol dependence with 48% endorsing all 7 dependence criteria. Factor analysis found a high factor loading (0.89) for alcohol craving. When examining genes in the dopamine pathway, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DRD3 and SNCA were associated with craving (p<0.05). There was evidence for association of these SNPs with DSM-IV alcohol dependence (p<0.05) but less evidence for dependence without craving (p>0.05), suggesting that the association was due in part to craving. In the GWAS, the greatest evidence of association with craving was for a SNP in the integrin alpha D (ITGAD) gene on chromosome 7 (rs2454908; p=1.8×10(-6)). The corresponding p-value for this SNP with DSM-IV alcohol dependence was similar (p=4.0×10(-5)) but was far less with dependence without craving (p=0.02), again suggesting the association was due to alcohol craving. Adjusting for dependence severity (number of endorsed criteria) attenuated p-values but did not eliminate association.ConclusionsCraving is frequently reported by those who report multiple other alcohol dependence symptoms. We found that genes providing evidence of association with craving were also associated with alcohol dependence; however, these same SNPs were not associated with alcohol dependence in the absence of alcohol craving. These results suggest that there may be unique genetic factors affecting craving among those with alcohol dependence.

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Drawing alcohol craving process: A systematic review of its association with thought suppression, inhibition and impulsivity.

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Drawing alcohol craving process: A systematic review of its association with thought suppression, inhibition and impulsivity.

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