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The complete mitochondrial genome of the parthenogenetic Caucasian rock lizard Darevskia unisexualis (Squamata: lacertidae) contains long tandem repeat formed by 59?bp monomer.

ABSTRACT: The first complete mitochondrial genome sequence of parthenogenetic Caucasian rock lizard Darevskia unisexualis (Lacertidae family) is determined by hybrid assembly with Illumina HiSeq and PacBio RS II platforms. The circular 21.4 kbp mitogenome contains 13 protein-coding genes, 12S and 16S rRNA genes, 20 tRNAs, two pseudogenized tRNAs, and one long tandem repeats with 4.1 kbp length formed by 59?bp monomer repeated x70.6 times located before control region. This finding represents a new example of mitogenome variation in lizards of hybrid origin, providing fundamental data for following study of a unique hybridization system formed by parthenogenetic and bisexual species in the mountain steppe of central Armenia.

SUBMITTER: Komissarov A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7799543 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The complete mitochondrial genome of the parthenogenetic Caucasian rock lizard Darevskia unisexualis (Squamata: lacertidae) contains long tandem repeat formed by 59 bp monomer.

Komissarov Aleksey A Korchagin Vitaly V Kliver Sergei S Dobrynin Pavel P Semyenova Serafima S Vergun Andrey A O'Brien Stephen S Ryskov Alexey A

Mitochondrial DNA. Part B, Resources 20161209 1

The first complete mitochondrial genome sequence of parthenogenetic Caucasian rock lizard Darevskia unisexualis (Lacertidae family) is determined by hybrid assembly with Illumina HiSeq and PacBio RS II platforms. The circular 21.4 kbp mitogenome contains 13 protein-coding genes, 12S and 16S rRNA genes, 20 tRNAs, two pseudogenized tRNAs, and one long tandem repeats with 4.1 kbp length formed by 59 bp monomer repeated x70.6 times located before control region. This finding represents ...[more]

PMID: 33473663

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Project description:BACKGROUND:The parthenogenetic Caucasian rock lizard Darevskia armeniaca, like most other parthenogenetic vertebrate species, originated through interspecific hybridization between the closely related sexual Darevskia mixta and Darevskia valentini. Darevskia armeniaca was shown to consist of one widespread allozyme clone and a few rare ones, but notwithstanding the origin of clonal diversity remains unclear. We conduct genomic analysis of D. armeniaca and its parental sexual species using microsatellite and SNP markers to identify the origin of parthenogenetic clonal lineages. RESULTS:Four microsatellite-containing loci were genotyped for 111 specimens of D. armeniaca, 17 D. valentini, and four D. mixta. For these species, a total of 47 alleles were isolated and sequenced. Analysis of the data revealed 13 genotypes or presumptive clones in parthenogenetic D. armeniaca, including one widespread clone, two apparently geographically restricted clones, and ten rare clones. Comparisons of genotype-specific markers in D. armeniaca with those of its parental species revealed three founder-events including a common and two rare clones. All other clones appeared to have originated via post-formation microsatellite mutations in the course of evolutionary history of D. armeniaca. CONCLUSION:Our new approach to microsatellite genotyping reveals allele-specific microsatellite and SNP markers for each locus studied. Interspecies comparison of these markers identifies alleles inherited by parthenospecies from parental species, and provides new information on origin and evolution of clonal diversity in D. armeniaca. SNP analyses reveal at least three interspecific origins of D. armeniaca, and microsatellite mutations in these initial clones give rise to new clones. Thus, we first establish multiple origins of D. armeniaca. Our study identifies the most effective molecular markers for elucidating the origins of clonal diversity in other unisexual species that arose via interspecific hybridization.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Genetic, phenotypic and ecological divergence within a lineage is the result of past and ongoing evolutionary processes, which lead ultimately to diversification and speciation. Integrative analyses allow linking diversification to geological, climatic, and ecological events, and thus disentangling the relative importance of different evolutionary drivers in generating and maintaining current species richness. RESULTS:Here, we use phylogenetic, phenotypic, geographic, and environmental data to investigate diversification in the Spanish sand racer (Psammodromus hispanicus). Phylogenetic, molecular clock dating, and phenotypic analyses show that P. hispanicus consists of three lineages. One lineage from Western Spain diverged 8.3 (2.9-14.7) Mya from the ancestor of Psammodromus hispanicus edwardsianus and P. hispanicus hispanicus Central lineage. The latter diverged 4.8 (1.5-8.7) Mya. Molecular clock dating, together with population genetic analyses, indicate that the three lineages experienced northward range expansions from southern Iberian refugia during Pleistocene glacial periods. Ecological niche modelling shows that suitable habitat of the Western lineage and P. h. edwardsianus overlap over vast areas, but that a barrier may hinder dispersal and genetic mixing of populations of both lineages. P. h. hispanicus Central lineage inhabits an ecological niche that overlaps marginally with the other two lineages. CONCLUSIONS:Our results provide evidence for divergence in allopatry and niche conservatism between the Western lineage and the ancestor of P. h. edwardsianus and P. h. hispanicus Central lineage, whereas they suggest that niche divergence is involved in the origin of the latter two lineages. Both processes were temporally separated and may be responsible for the here documented genetic and phenotypic diversity of P. hispanicus. The temporal pattern is in line with those proposed for other animal lineages. It suggests that geographic isolation and vicariance played an important role in the early diversification of the group, and that lineage diversification was further amplified through ecological divergence.

Project description:BackgroundThe majority of parthenogenetic vertebrates derive from hybridization between sexually reproducing species, but the exact number of hybridization events ancestral to currently extant clonal lineages is difficult to determine. Usually, we do not know whether the parental species are able to contribute their genes to the parthenogenetic vertebrate lineages after the initial hybridization. In this paper, we address the hypothesis, whether some genotypes of seven phenotypically distinct parthenogenetic rock lizards (genus Darevskia) could have resulted from back-crosses of parthenogens with their presumed parental species. We also tried to identify, as precise as possible, the ancestral populations of all seven parthenogens.ResultsWe analysed partial mtDNA sequences and microsatellite genotypes of all seven parthenogens and their presumed ansectral species, sampled across the entire geographic range of parthenogenesis in this group. Our results confirm the previous designation of the parental species, but further specify the maternal populations that are likely ancestral to different parthenogenetic lineages. Contrary to the expectation of independent hybrid origins of the unisexual taxa, we found that genotypes at multiple loci were shared frequently between different parthenogenetic species. The highest proportions of shared genotypes were detected between (i) D. sapphirina and D. bendimahiensis and (ii) D. dahli and D. armeniaca, and less often between other parthenogens. In case (ii), genotypes at the remaining loci were notably distinct.ConclusionsWe suggest that both observations (i-ii) can be explained by two parthenogenetic forms tracing their origin to a single initial hybridization event. In case (ii), however, occasional gene exchange between the unisexual and the parental bisexual species could have taken place after the onset of parthenogenetic reproduction. Indeed, backcrossed polyploid hybrids are relatively frequent in Darevskia, although no direct evidence of recent gene flow has been previously documented. Our results further suggest that parthenogens are losing heterozygosity as a result of allelic conversion, hence their fitness is expected to decline over time as genetic diversity declines. Backcrosses with the parental species could be a rescue mechanism which might prevent this decline, and therefore increase the persistance of unisexual forms.

Dataset Information

The complete mitochondrial genome of the parthenogenetic Caucasian rock lizard Darevskia unisexualis (Squamata: lacertidae) contains long tandem repeat formed by 59?bp monomer.

Publications

The complete mitochondrial genome of the parthenogenetic Caucasian rock lizard <i>Darevskia unisexualis</i> (<i>Squamata</i>: <i>lacertidae</i>) contains long tandem repeat formed by 59 bp monomer.

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