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The complete mitochondrial genome of a medicinal fungus, Tolypocladium ophioglossoides.

ABSTRACT: As part of a genome sequencing project for Tolypocladium ophioglossoides (T. ophioglossoides), a complete mitochondrial (mt) genome was assembled as a single circular dsDNA of 35,159 bp. Conserved genes including the large and small rRNA subunits, 25 tRNA and 15 protein-coding genes, were identified. In addition, 4 non-conserved open reading frames (ncORFs) in the intergenic and intronic regions were also identified. Transcription analyses using RNA-seq validated the expression of most conserved genes and ncORFs. Seven introns (groups I and II) were found within conserved genes, accounting for 21% of the mitogenome. All structural genes are located on one strand and are apparently transcribed in one direction. The complete mt genomes of T. ophioglossoides would be useful for future investigation of genetics, evolution and clinical identification of Tolypocladium species.

SUBMITTER: Fangliang H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7799743 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Ganoderma lucidum is one of the well-known medicinal basidiomycetes worldwide. The mitochondrion, referred to as the second genome, is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells and participates in critical cellular functions. Elucidating the structure and function of this genome is important to understand completely the genetic contents of G. lucidum. In this study, we assembled the mitochondrial genome of G. lucidum and analyzed the differential expressions of its encoded genes across three developmental stages. The mitochondrial genome is a typical circular DNA molecule of 60,630 bp with a GC content of 26.67%. Genome annotation identified genes that encode 15 conserved proteins, 27 tRNAs, small and large rRNAs, four homing endonucleases, and two hypothetical proteins. Except for genes encoding trnW and two hypothetical proteins, all genes were located on the positive strand. For the repeat structure analysis, eight forward, two inverted, and three tandem repeats were detected. A pair of fragments with a total length around 5.5 kb was found in both the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, which suggests the possible transfer of DNA sequences between two genomes. RNA-Seq data for samples derived from three stages, namely, mycelia, primordia, and fruiting bodies, were mapped to the mitochondrial genome and qualified. The protein-coding genes were expressed higher in mycelia or primordial stages compared with those in the fruiting bodies. The rRNA abundances were significantly higher in all three stages. Two regions were transcribed but did not contain any identified protein or tRNA genes. Furthermore, three RNA-editing sites were detected. Genome synteny analysis showed that significant genome rearrangements occurred in the mitochondrial genomes. This study provides valuable information on the gene contents of the mitochondrial genome and their differential expressions at various developmental stages of G. lucidum. The results contribute to the understanding of the functions and evolution of fungal mitochondrial DNA.

Dataset Information

The complete mitochondrial genome of a medicinal fungus, Tolypocladium ophioglossoides.

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