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The complete plastome sequence of Diospyros blancoi A. DC. (Ebenaceae).

ABSTRACT: The plastome sequences of Diospyros blancoi A. DC. (Ebenaceae) were completed in this study (NCBI acc. no. KX426216). The gene order and structure of the D. blancoi plastome are collinear with the typical plastome of land plants. The complete plastome size is 157,745?bp in length and consists of a large single-copy region of 87,246?bp and a small single-copy region of 18,323?bp, which are separated by a pair of 26,088?bp-long inverted repeat regions. The overall A-T content of the plastome sequence is 62.6%. The plastome contains 113 genes, of which 79 are protein-coding genes, 30 are tRNA genes, and 4 are rRNA genes. Sixteen genes contain one intron and two genes have two introns. A total of 45 simple sequence loci were identified from the genome. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that D. blancoi is a sister group of Primulaceae with 100% bootstrap support.

SUBMITTER: Jo S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7800293 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The complete plastome sequence of Diospyros blancoi A. DC. (Ebenaceae).

Jo Sangjin S Kim Hoe-Won HW Kim Young-Kee YK Cheon Se-Hwan SH Kim Ki-Joong KJ

Mitochondrial DNA. Part B, Resources 20160901 1

The plastome sequences of Diospyros blancoi A. DC. (Ebenaceae) were completed in this study (NCBI acc. no. KX426216). The gene order and structure of the D. blancoi plastome are collinear with the typical plastome of land plants. The complete plastome size is 157,745 bp in length and consists of a large single-copy region of 87,246 bp and a small single-copy region of 18,323 bp, which are separated by a pair of 26,088 bp-long inverted repeat regions. The overall A-T content of the ...[more]

PMID: 33490416

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Project description:Diospyros mespiliformis, commonly called Jackal berry or African ebony, belongs to the plant family, Ebenaceae. The roots, barks and leaves have been used traditionally to treat wide varieties of conditions, however, there is limited information and literature reports concerning the toxicity and safety of this plant. The present study was conducted to evaluate the acute and sub-chronic toxicity of the crude methanolic extract of Diospyros mespiliformis and its fraction in Wistar rats. Diospyros mespiliformis was extracted by methanol 96 %. The crude methanolic extract was then fractionated into low, average and high polar compounds using hexane, ethyl acetate and butanol respectively. For the acute toxicity study, the revised limit Dose Test of "Up and Down" procedure according to the OECD guideline was used to determine the median lethal dose (LD50) of the crude methanolic leaf and bark extracts using a single fixed dose (5 g/kg) of the extracts administered by oral-gavage sequentially to 5 female Wistar rats. The rats were observed for instant death and toxicity signs for 24 h and then daily for 14 days. In the sub-chronic toxicity study, the bark and leaf ethyl acetate fractions (extract) was administered orally at doses of 250, 500 and 750 mg/kg bw /day respectively for 28 days to healthy Wistar rats. At the end of the experimental period, body weight, certain haematological, serum biochemical and histopathological parameters were evaluated. Results showed that acute oral administration of crude methanolic extract of Diospyros mespiliformis (5 g/kg bw) produced neither mortality nor visible changes in behavior or any other physiological activities and indicated that the LD50 of crude methanolic leaf and bark extract was greater than 5 g/kg bw in Wistar Rats. In the 28-days repeated dose oral toxicity study, no significant toxic effects was detected in any of the parameters evaluated. In conclusion, the crude methanolic extract was found safe in the acute toxicity study and the ethyl acetate fraction of Diospyros mespiliformis in the sub chronic study in rats could be safe for therapeutic purposes over a period not exceeding 28 days.

Project description:BackgroundPlants represent an intricate and innovative source for the discovery of novel therapeutic remedies for the management of infectious diseases. The current study aimed at discovering new inhibitors of Leishmania spp., using anti-leishmanial activity-guided investigation approach of extracts from Diospyros gracilescens Gürke (1911) (Ebenaceae), targeting the extracellular (promastigotes) and intracellular (amastigotes) forms of Leishmania donovani.MethodsThe plant extracts were prepared by maceration using H20: EtOH (30:70, v/v) and further fractionated using a bio-guided approach. Different concentrations of D. gracilescens extracts, fractions and isolated compounds were tested in triplicate against L. donovani promastigotes and amastigotes in vitro. The antileishmanial potency and cytotoxicity on RAW 264.7 cells were determined using the resazurin colorimetric assay. The time kill kinetic profile of the most active sample was also investigated. The structures of all compounds were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses, including 1D and 2D NMR, and HR-ESI-MS and by comparison of their data with those reported in the literature.ResultsThe hydroethanolic crude extract of D. gracilescens trunk showed the most potent antileishmanial activity (IC50 = 5.84 μg/mL). Further fractionation of this extract led to four (4) fractions of which, the hexane fraction showed the most potent activity (IC50 = 0.79 μg/mL), and seven (07) compounds that exhibited moderate potency (IC50 = 13.69-241.71 μM) against L. donovani. Compound 1-deoxyinositol (7) inhibited the promastigote and amastigote forms of L. donovani with IC50 values of 241.71 μM and 120 μM respectively and also showed the highest selectivity against L. donovani promastigotes (SI > 5.04). To the best of our knowledge, the antileishmanial activity of this compound is being reported here for the first time. The promising hexane fraction showed significant inhibition of parasites growth at different concentrations, but with no evidence of cidal effect over an exposure period of 120 h.ConclusionsThe results obtained indicated that the hydroethanolic extract from the D. gracilescens trunk and the derived hexane fraction have very potent inhibitory effect on cultivated promastigotes and amastigotes of L. donovani parasite. The isolated compounds showed a lesser extent of potency and selectivity. However, further structure-activity-relationship studies of 1-deoxyinositol could lead to more potent and selective hit derivatives of interest for detailed drug discovery program against visceral leishmaniasis.

Dataset Information

The complete plastome sequence of Diospyros blancoi A. DC. (Ebenaceae).

Publications

The complete plastome sequence of <i>Diospyros blancoi</i> A. DC. (Ebenaceae).

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