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Genome-wide transcriptome profiling indicates the putative mechanism underlying enhanced grain size in a wheat mutant.

ABSTRACT: Grain size is an important trait for crops. The endogenous hormones brassinosteroids (BRs) play key roles in grain size and mass. In this study, we identified an ethyl methylsulfonate (EMS) mutant wheat line, SM482gs, with increased grain size, 1000-grain weight, and protein content, but decreased starch content, compared with the levels in the wild type (WT). Comparative transcriptomic analysis of SM482gs and WT at four developmental stages [9, 15, 20, and 25 days post-anthesis (DPA)] revealed a total of 264, 267, 771, and 1038 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at these stages. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database analysis showed that some DEGs from the comparison at 15 DPA were involved in the pathway of "brassinosteroid biosynthesis," and eight genes involved in BR biosynthesis and signal transduction were significantly upregulated in SM482gs during at least one stage. This indicated that the enhanced BR signaling in SM482gs might have contributed to its increased grain size via network interactions. The expression of seed storage protein (SSP)-encoding genes in SM482gs was upregulated, mostly at 15 and 20 DPA, while most of the starch synthetase genes showed lower expression in SM482gs at all stages, compared with that in WT. The expression patterns of starch synthase genes and seed storage protein-encoding genes paralleled the decreased level of starch and increased storage protein content of SM482gs, which might be related to the increased seed weight and wrinkled phenotype.

Supplementary information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-020-02579-6.

SUBMITTER: Zhong X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7801549 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Plants adjust their stomatal aperture for regulating CO2 uptake and transpiration. S-type anion channel SLAC1 (slow anion channel-associated 1) is required for stomatal closure in response to various stimuli such as abscisic acid, CO2, and light/dark transitions etc. Arabidopsis slac1 mutants exhibited defects in stimulus-induced stomatal closure, reduced sensitivity to darkness, and faster water loss from detached leaves. The global transcriptomic response of a plant with defective stimuli-induced stomatal closure (particularly because of defects in SLAC1) remains to be explored. In the current research we attempted to address the same biological question by comparing the global transcriptomic changes in Arabidopsis slac1-3 mutant and wild-type (WT) under dark, and dehydration stress, using RNA-sequencing. Abscisic acid (ABA)- and dark-induced stomatal closure was defective in Arabidopsis slac1-3 mutants, consequently the mutants had cooler leaf temperature than WT. Next, we determined the transcriptomic response of the slac1-3 mutant and WT under dark and dehydration stress. Under dehydration stress, the molecular response of slac1-3 mutant was clearly distinct from WT; the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was significantly higher in mutant than WT. Dehydration induced DEGs in mutant were related to hormone signaling pathways, and biotic and abiotic stress response. Although, overall number of DEGs in both genotypes was not different under dark, however, the expression pattern was very much distinct; whereas majority of DEGs in WT were found to be downregulated, in slac1-3 majority were upregulated under dark. Further, a set 262 DEGs was identified with opposite expression pattern between WT and mutant under light–darkness transition. Amongst these, DEGs belonging to stress hormone pathways, and biotic and abiotic stress response were over-represented. To sum up, we have reported gene expression reprogramming underlying slac1-3 mutation and resultantly defective stomatal closure in Arabidopsis. Moreover, the induction of biotic and abiotic response in mutant under dehydration and darkness could be suggestive of the role of stomata as a switch in triggering these responses. To summarize, the data presented here provides useful insights into the gene expression reprogramming underlying slac1-3 mutation and resultant defects in stomatal closure.

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Genome-wide transcriptome profiling indicates the putative mechanism underlying enhanced grain size in a wheat mutant.

Supplementary information

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