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A novel quantitative and reference-free ultrasound analysis to discriminate different concentrations of bone mineral content.

ABSTRACT: Bone fracture is a continuous process, during which bone mineral matrix evolves leading to an increase in hydroxyapatite and calcium carbonate content. Currently, no gold standard methods are available for a quantitative assessment of bone fracture healing. Moreover, the available tools do not provide information on bone composition. Whereby, there is a need for objective and non-invasive methods to monitor the evolution of bone mineral content. In general, ultrasound can guarantee a quantitative characterization of tissues. However, previous studies required measurements on reference samples. In this paper we propose a novel and reference-free parameter, based on the entropy of the phase signal calculated from the backscattered data in combination with amplitude information, to also consider absorption and scattering phenomena. The proposed metric was effective in discriminating different hydroxyapatite (from 10 to 50% w/v) and calcium carbonate (from 2 to 6% w/v) concentrations in bone-mimicking phantoms without the need for reference measurements, paving the way to their translational use for the diagnosis of tissue healing. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time that the phase entropy of the backscattered ultrasound signals is exploited for monitoring changes in the mineral content of bone-like materials.

SUBMITTER: Sorriento A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7801603 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A novel quantitative and reference-free ultrasound analysis to discriminate different concentrations of bone mineral content.

Sorriento A A Poliziani A A Cafarelli A A Valenza G G Ricotti L L

Scientific reports 20210111 1

Bone fracture is a continuous process, during which bone mineral matrix evolves leading to an increase in hydroxyapatite and calcium carbonate content. Currently, no gold standard methods are available for a quantitative assessment of bone fracture healing. Moreover, the available tools do not provide information on bone composition. Whereby, there is a need for objective and non-invasive methods to monitor the evolution of bone mineral content. In general, ultrasound can guarantee a quantitativ ...[more]

PMID: 33432022

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Project description:BackgroundThe effect of pregnancy and breastfeeding on a female's bone mineral density (BMD) is controversial. This prospective study aims to investigate the effect of parity on BMD among pre-menopausal multiparous females using quantitative ultrasound as a screening method and females with no pregnancies (nulliparous) as a control group.MethodsA portable ultrasound-based bone densitometer (DMS PEGASUS SMART, Mauguio, France) was used to indirectly assess the BMD in 51 multiparous (29-45 years) and 51 nulliparous Arabic females (18-35 years) by quantifying the broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) from their right calcaneus bone. BUA > 70 db/mhz = normal, BUA 65-69.9 db/mhz = below average, BUA 55-64.9 db/mhz = osteopenia and BUA < 55 db/mhz = osteoporosis.ResultsThere was a significant difference in mean BUA between multiparous and nulliparous females (74.1 db/mhz vs. 69.3 db/mhz, p = 0.006). The prevalence of normal BMD was significantly higher in the nulliparous group than in the multiparous group (70.6% vs. 47.1%, p = 0.02). Osteoporosis was found in the multiparous group only (3/51). Among the multiparous females who breastfed (43/51), a total of 51.2% (22/43) had normal BMD, 25.6% (11/43) had BMD below average, 18.6% (8/43) had osteopenia and 4.7% (2/43) had osteoporosis. No significant differences in mean BUA (p = 0.2) were found between the group of females who breastfed for one year (13/43; BUA: 70.5 ± 9.4), the group of females who breastfed for 6-11 months (8/43; BUA: 70.6 ± 10.0) and those who breastfed for less than six months (22/43; BUA: 71.6 ± 9.4). A binary logistic regression model built for predicting BMD normality showed significance for the variable parity (p = 0.03), while the effect of the possible confounding variables BMI and age on BMD normality was found to be non- significant (p = 0.1 and p = 0.6, respectively).ConclusionParity affects the BMD, as assessed by a portable ultrasound-based bone densitometer, of young and middle-aged females as compared to the BMD of nulliparous females.

Project description:Osteoporosis has been linked with increased risk of cardiovascular disease previously. However, few studies have detailed bone and vascular information. In a prospective study of older women, we demonstrated heel quantitative ultrasound measures were associated with increased cardiovascular and all-cause mortality, independent of established cardiovascular risk factors.IntroductionOsteoporosis and low bone mineral density (BMD) have been previously linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. Calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (QUS) is used to evaluate bone material properties, especially in older women. However, it is uncertain whether it is related to risk of mortality. This study was aimed to investigate the association between calcaneal QUS measurements and 15-year all-cause and CVD mortality in 1404 older women (mean age 75.2 ± 2.7 years).MethodsOne thousand four hundred four older women, participants of Calcium Intake Fracture Outcome study (CAIFOS), had calcaneal bone measured at baseline (1998) and followed for 15 years. The primary outcomes, any deaths, and deaths attributable to cardiovascular causes ascertained by using linked data were obtained from Western Australia data linkage system.ResultsOver the 15 years of follow-up (17,955 person years), 584 of the women died, and 223 from CVD. For every standard deviation (SD), reduction in broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) in minimally and multivariable-adjusted model including cardiovascular risk factors increased relative hazards for all-cause (multivariable-adjusted HR 1.15; 95%CI: 1.06-1.26, p = 0.001) and CVD mortality (multivariable-adjusted HR 1.20; 95%CI: 1.04-1.38, p = 0.010). Such relationships also persisted when hip BMD was included in the model (all-cause mortality HR 1.19; 95%CI: 1.07-1.33, p = 0.002; CVD mortality HR 1.28; 95%CI: 1.07-1.53, p = 0.008).ConclusionBUA is associated with all-cause and CVD mortality in older women independent of BMD and established CVD risk factors. Understanding why and how these are related may provide further insights about the bone-vascular nexus as well as therapeutic targets benefiting both systems.

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A novel quantitative and reference-free ultrasound analysis to discriminate different concentrations of bone mineral content.

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A novel quantitative and reference-free ultrasound analysis to discriminate different concentrations of bone mineral content.

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