Dataset Information

Correlates of uptake of HIV testing among children and young adolescents in Akwa-Ibom state, Nigeria: a secondary data analysis of the Akwa-Ibom aids indicator survey, 2017.

ABSTRACT:

Background

In order to end the AIDS epidemic by 2030, there is a need to significantly reduce the rate of new infection among children and young adolescents. Identifying the correlates of testing behaviour is necessary to improve HIV testing campaigns by refining messages that target individuals in this age group. The objective of this study was to determine the correlates of HIV testing among children and young adolescents in Akwa-Ibom, Nigeria.

Methods

The outcome was a secondary data analysis of the 2017 Akwa-Ibom AIDS Indicator Survey. Data of 4037 children and young adolescents aged 0-14?years was assessed in this study. Analysis was done using STATA version 16. Chi-squared test and logistic regression models were used to measure association and its strength between uptake of HIV testing and some independent variables (child/caregiver's age, sex, educational status, child's location, caregiver's knowledge of HIV and caregiver ever tested for HIV) at 5% significance level.

Results

Result showed that only 14.2% of the children and young adolescents have been tested for HIV. Previous history of blood transfusion (AOR?=?5.33, 95%C.I?=?2.60-10.92, P?=?ConclusionThis study concludes that a large proportion of children and young adolescents in Akwa-Ibom state have never been tested for HIV. There is a need for HIV testing interventions to be targeted towards this age groups and their parents/guardian. Addressing the knowledge gap amongst caregivers especially in rural areas is crucial towards improving the effectiveness of HIV testing interventions.

SUBMITTER: Adetoro D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7802279 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Correlates of uptake of HIV testing among children and young adolescents in Akwa-Ibom state, Nigeria: a secondary data analysis of the Akwa-Ibom aids indicator survey, 2017.

Adetoro Damilola D Khamofu Hadiza H Badru Titilope T Markson John J Adedokun Oluwasanmi O Sandah-Abubakar Nana N Dafa Ibrahim I Chen Mario M Chiegil Robert R Torpey Kwasi K

BMC pediatrics 20210112 1

<h4>Background</h4>In order to end the AIDS epidemic by 2030, there is a need to significantly reduce the rate of new infection among children and young adolescents. Identifying the correlates of testing behaviour is necessary to improve HIV testing campaigns by refining messages that target individuals in this age group. The objective of this study was to determine the correlates of HIV testing among children and young adolescents in Akwa-Ibom, Nigeria.<h4>Methods</h4>The outcome was a secondar ...[more]

PMID: 33435898

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Despite the recent increase in HIV infections among adolescents, little is known about their HIV knowledge and perceptions. This study, therefore, sought to examine the factors associated with comprehensive HIV knowledge, stigma, and HIV risk perceptions among young adolescents aged 10-14?years in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Additionally, consenting parents and assenting young adolescents were tested for HIV. METHODS:We used cross-sectional data from the 2017 Akwa Ibom AIDS Indicator Survey to analyze comprehensive HIV knowledge, stigma, and HIV risk perceptions among young adolescents. Demographic characteristics of young adolescents were summarized using descriptive statistics. Chi-square test (or Fisher's exact test in cases of small subgroup sample sizes) was used to elicit associations between demographics and study outcomes. Separate multivariable logistic regression models were then conducted to determine associations with the study outcomes. Sampling weights were calculated in order to adjust for the sample design. P-values less than 0.05 were considered to be significant. RESULTS:A total of 1818 young adolescents were interviewed. The survey highlighted significant low levels of comprehensive HIV knowledge (9.4%) among young adolescents. Adolescent-parent discussions [AOR?=?2.19, 95% C.I (1.10-4.38), p?=?0.03], schools as sources of HIV information [AOR?=?8.06, 95% C.I (1.70-38.33), p?<?0.001], and sexual activeness [AOR?=?2.55, 95% C.I (1.16-5.60), p?=?0.02] were associated with comprehensive HIV knowledge. Majority (93%) of young adolescents perceived themselves not to be at risk of HIV. Overall, 81.5% of young adolescents reported stigmatizing tendencies towards people living with HIV. HIV prevalence among young adolescents was 0.6%. CONCLUSIONS:Results indicate low comprehensive HIV knowledge among young adolescents. Our findings suggest that there is a need for increased attention towards young adolescents particularly in the provision of comprehensive, functional sexuality education, including HIV at the family- and school-levels. Consequently, age appropriate interventions are needed to address the epidemiological risks of young adolescents that are influenced by a myriad of social issues.

Project description:IntroductionHIV incidence estimates are important to characterize the status of an epidemic, identify locations and populations at high risk and to guide and evaluate HIV prevention interventions. We used the limiting antigen avidity assay (LAg) as part of a recent infection testing algorithm to estimate HIV incidence in the Akwa Ibom AIDS Indicator Survey (AKAIS), Nigeria.MethodsIn 2017, AKAIS, a cross-sectional population-based study was conducted at the household (HH) level in 31 local government areas (LGAs) of Akwa Ibom state. Of the 8963 participants aged ≥15 years who were administered questionnaires for demographic and behavioural data, 8306 consented to HIV rapid testing. Whole-blood specimens were collected from 394 preliminary HIV-seropositive individuals for CD4+ cell count determination and plasma storage. Samples were shipped to a central quality laboratory for HIV confirmatory testing and viral load determination. A total of 370 HIV-positive specimens were tested for the recent HIV infection using the LAg assay.ResultsOf the 8306 consenting adults, the HIV prevalence was 4.8%. Of the 370 HIV-positive samples tested for HIV recency, the median age was 35 years, 48.8% had CD4+ cell count >500/mm3 and 81.3% was not virally suppressed. Viral suppression was greater among females (21%) than for males (13%). A total of 11 specimens were classified as recent based on the LAg assay and HIV viral load ≥1000 copies/mL. The weighted, adjusted HIV-1 incidence was 0.41/100 person-years (95% CI 0.16 to 0.66); translating to 13,000 new cases of HIV infections annually in Akwa Ibom, a state with a population of 5.5 million. The HIV incidence rate was similar in females and males (0.41% and 0.42% respectively). The incidence rate was the highest among participants aged 15 to 49 years (0.44%, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.74) translating to 11,000 new infections annually, about 85% of all new infections in the state.ConclusionsThe finding of the high HIV incidence among the 15 to 49-year age group calls for renewed and innovative efforts to prevent HIV infection among young adults in Akwa Ibom state.

Project description:Background: Health insurance is seen as a pathway to achieving Universal health coverage in low- and middle-income countries. The Nigeria Government has mandated states to set up social health insurance as a mechanism to offer financial protection to her citizens. However, the design of these schemes has been left to individual states. In preparation for the set-up of a contributory social health insurance scheme in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. This study assesses the willingness-to-pay for a social health insurance among rural residents in the state. Methods: The study was conducted in three local government areas in Akwa Ibom State, South south Nigeria. It was a cross-sectional study with multi-stage data collection using a demand questionnaire. Interviews were conducted with 286 household heads who were bread winners. Contingent valuation using iterative bidding with double bounded dichotomous technique was used to elicit the WTP for health insurance. Multiple regression using least square method was used to create a model for predicting WTP. Findings: About 82% of the household heads were willing to pay insurance premiums for their households. The median WTP for insurance premium was 11,142 Naira ($29), 95% CI: 9,599-12,684 Naira ($25-$33) per annum. The respondents were predominantly middle-aged (46.8%), Ibibio men (71.7%) with an average household size of five persons and bread winners who had secondary education (43.0%) and were mainly pentecostals (51.5%). The mean age of respondents was 46.4 ± 14.5 yrs. The two significant predictors of WTP for insurance premium amongst these rural residents were income of breadwinner (accounts for 79%) and size of household (2%). The regression coefficients for predicting WTP for insurance premium are intercept of 2,419, a slope of 0.1763 for Bread winner income and a slope of 741.5 household size, all values in Naira and kobo. Conclusion: Majority of rural residents in Akwa Ibom State were willing to pay for social health insurance. The amount they were willing to pay was significantly determined by the income of the breadwinner of the household and the size of the family. These findings are relevant to designing a contributory social health insurance scheme that is affordable and sustainable in order to ensure universal health coverage for the citizens.

Project description:BackgroundAntimicrobial stewardship (AMS) aims to improve antibiotic use while reducing resistance and its consequences. There is a paucity of data on the availability of AMS programmes in southern Nigeria. Further, there is no data on Nigerian healthcare professionals' knowledge of the WHO 'Access, Watch and Reserve' (AWaRe) classification of antibiotics. This study sought to assess knowledge of AMS and the AWaRe classification of antibiotics among frontline healthcare professionals in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional survey of 417 healthcare professionals, comprising medical doctors, pharmacists and nurses, across 17 public hospitals in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. A paper-based self-completion questionnaire was used to collect data from the participants during working hours between September and November 2023. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 25.0, with p < 0.05 indicating statistical significance.ResultsFour hundred and seventeen out of the 500 healthcare professionals approached agreed to participate, giving an 83.4% response rate. Most of the participants were female (62.1%) and nurses (46.3%). Approximately 57% of participants were familiar with the term antibiotic/antimicrobial stewardship, however, only 46.5% selected the correct description of AMS. Majority (53.0%) did not know if AMS programme was available in their hospitals. 79% of participants did not know about AWaRe classification of antibiotics. Among the 87 (20.9%) who knew, 28.7% correctly identified antibiotics into the AWaRe groups from a given list. Only profession significantly predicted knowledge of AMS and awareness of the AWaRe classification of antibiotics (p < 0.001). Pharmacists were more likely to define AMS correctly than medical doctors (odds ratio [OR] = 2.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.16-3.52, p = 0.012), whereas nurses were less likely to be aware of the WHO AWaRe classification of antibiotics than medical doctors (OR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.18-0.72, p = 0.004).ConclusionsThere was a notable knowledge deficit in both AMS and the AWaRe classification of antibiotics among participants in this study. This highlights the need for educational interventions targeted at the different cadres of healthcare professionals on the role of AMS programmes in reducing antimicrobial resistance and its consequences.

Project description:BackgroundIneffective linkage to care (LTC) is a known challenge for community HIV testing. To overcome this challenge, a robust linkage to care strategy was adopted by the 2018 Nigeria HIV/AIDS Indicator and Impact Survey (NAIIS). The NAIIS linkage to care strategy was further adapted to improve Nigeria's programmatic efforts to achieve the 1st 90 as part of the Nigeria Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Surge initiative, which also included targeted community testing. In this paper we provide an overview of the NAIIS LTC strategy and describe the impact of this strategy on both the NAIIS and the Surge initiatives.MethodsThe NAIIS collaborated with community-based organizations (CBOs) and deployed mobile health (mHealth) technology with real-time dashboards to manage and optimize community LTC for people living with HIV (PLHIV) diagnosed during the survey. In NAIIS, CBOs' role was to facilitate linkage of identified PLHIV in community to facility of their choice. For the ART Surge, we modified the NAIIS LTC strategy by empowering both CBOs and mobile community teams as responsible for not only active LTC but also for community testing, ART initiation, and retention in care.ResultsOf the 2,739 PLHIV 15 years and above identified in NAIIS, 1,975 (72.1%) were either unaware of their HIV-positive status (N = 1890) or were aware of their HIV-positive status but not receiving treatment (N = 85). Of these, 1,342 (67.9%) were linked to care, of which 952 (70.9%) were initiated on ART. Among 1,890 newly diagnosed PLHIV, 1,278 (67.6%) were linked to care, 33.7% self-linked and 66.3% were linked by CBOs. Among 85 known PLHIV not on treatment, 64 (75.3%) were linked; 32.8% self-linked and 67.2% were linked by a CBO. In the ART Surge, LTC and treatment initiation rates were 98% and 100%, respectively. Three-month retention for monthly treatment initiation cohorts improved from 76% to 90% over 6 months.ConclusionsActive LTC strategies by local CBOs and mobile community teams improved LTC and ART initiation in the ART Surge initiative. The use of mHealth technology resulted in timely and accurate documentation of results in NAIIS. By deploying mHealth in addition to active LTC, CBOs and mobile community teams could effectively scale up ART with real-time documentation of client-level outcomes.

Project description:BackgroundThe literature posits that HIV knowledge is associated with precautious sexual behaviour and practice. We hypothesised and investigated the association between knowledge of HIV transmission and adolescent pregnancy in Ghana, given that the relationship between HIV knowledge and adolescent pregnancy has not been extensively studied.MethodsWe did analyses on 5836 cases (weighted as 5121) of 15-24 years old reproductive age women in the female dataset of the 2017 Multiple Cluster Indicator Survey. Adolescent pregnancy was operationalized as reproductive age women between 15-24 years who became pregnant before the age of 18 years. Accurate HIV knowledge was measured by computing the scores of correct responses on six questions exploring women's knowledge about HIV transmission. We accounted for sample design and weight before performing a Chi-square test of independence and Poisson regression.ResultsThe results indicate that having lower scores on the HIV transmission knowledge scale was correlated with a higher probability of girls becoming pregnant before their 18th birthday. After controlling for the moderating effect of socio-demographic characteristics of the participants, we found that accurate HIV transmission knowledge loses its statistical significance in determining adolescent pregnancy. The factors that remain significant in the adjusted model were formal education status, household wealth, and region of residence. HIV transmission knowledge was statistically significantly related to adolescent pregnancy in the model after the education level variable was omitted. This observation was due to the significant effect of school education on other variables in the model. This result demonstrates that HIV knowledge has a major impact on adolescent pregnancy, but this effect is predicated by formal education attainment of the adolescent girl.ConclusionsGiven the results, adolescent pregnancy issues can be resolved by the government and other development partners by adequately educating adolescents about HIV transmissions. Also, because they have the potential to reduce pregnancy among adolescents in Ghana, we recommend that programs and initiatives should address existing disparities in formal educational attainment and household wealth.

Dataset Information

Correlates of uptake of HIV testing among children and young adolescents in Akwa-Ibom state, Nigeria: a secondary data analysis of the Akwa-Ibom aids indicator survey, 2017.

Background

Methods

Results

Publications

Correlates of uptake of HIV testing among children and young adolescents in Akwa-Ibom state, Nigeria: a secondary data analysis of the Akwa-Ibom aids indicator survey, 2017.

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