Dataset Information

Ultra-purification of Lipopolysaccharides reveals species-specific signalling bias of TLR4: importance in macrophage function.

ABSTRACT: TLR4 location, and bacterial species-derived lipopolysaccharides, play a significant role in the downstream activation of transcription factors, accessory molecules, and products. Here, this is demonstrated through the use of classically-activated and alternatively-activated macrophages. We show that, when polarized, human macrophages differentially express and localize TLR4, resulting in biased recognition and subsequent signalling of LPS derived from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella enterica. Analysis of activation demonstrated that in classically activated macrophages, P. aeruginosa signals from the plasma membrane via TLR4 to p65 dependent on TAK1 and TBK1 signalling. E. coli signals dependent or independent of the endosome, utilizing both TAK1- and TBK1-signalling to induce P65 and IRF3 inducible genes and cytokines. S. enterica however, only induces P65 and IRF3 phosphorylation through signalling via the endosome. This finding outlines clear signalling mechanisms by which innate immune cells, such as macrophages, can distinguish between bacterial species and initiate specialized responses through TLR4.

SUBMITTER: Stephens M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7809447 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Ultra-purification of Lipopolysaccharides reveals species-specific signalling bias of TLR4: importance in macrophage function.

Stephens Matthew M Liao Shan S von der Weid Pierre-Yves PY

Scientific reports 20210114 1

TLR4 location, and bacterial species-derived lipopolysaccharides, play a significant role in the downstream activation of transcription factors, accessory molecules, and products. Here, this is demonstrated through the use of classically-activated and alternatively-activated macrophages. We show that, when polarized, human macrophages differentially express and localize TLR4, resulting in biased recognition and subsequent signalling of LPS derived from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, a ...[more]

PMID: 33446670

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Project description:AimPresence records from surveys with spatially heterogeneous sampling intensity are a key challenge for species distribution models (SDMs). When sex groups differ in their habitat association, the correction of the spatial bias becomes important for preventing model predictions that are biased toward one sex. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effectiveness of existing correction methods for spatial sampling bias for SDMs when male and female have different habitat preferences.LocationJura massif, France.MethodsWe used a spatially sex-segregated virtual species to understand the effect of three sampling designs (spatially biased, uniform random, and systematic), and two correction methods (targeted background points, and distance to trajectories) on estimated habitat preferences, sex ratios, and prediction accuracy. We then evaluated these effects for two empirical Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) presence-only datasets from a systematic and a spatially biased sampling design.ResultsSampling design strongly affected parameter estimation accuracy for the virtual species: noncorrected spatially biased sampling resulted in biased estimates of habitat association and sex ratios. Both established methods of bias correction were successful in the case of virtual species, with the targeted correction methods showing stronger correction, as it more closely followed the simulated decay of detectability with distance from sampling locations. On the Capercaillie dataset, only the targeted background points method resulted in the same sex ratio estimate for the spatially biased sampling design as for the spatially unbiased sampling.Main conclusionsWe suggest that information on subgroups with distinct habitat associations should be included in SDMs analyses when possible. We conclude that current methods for correcting spatially biased sampling can improve estimates of both habitat association and subgroup ratios (e.g., sex and age), but that their efficiency depends on their ability to well represent the spatial observation bias.

Dataset Information

Ultra-purification of Lipopolysaccharides reveals species-specific signalling bias of TLR4: importance in macrophage function.

Publications

Ultra-purification of Lipopolysaccharides reveals species-specific signalling bias of TLR4: importance in macrophage function.

Similar Datasets

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