Dataset Information

Estimations and projections of Avena fatua dynamics under multiple management scenarios in crop fields using simplified longitudinal monitoring.

ABSTRACT: Integrated weed management (IWM) is currently the most appropriate and effective method of agricultural weed control. To determine the most effective strategy, it is necessary to compare the effects of different control options and their rotation. Avena fatua (common wild oat) is one of the most common and economically threatening grass weed species of cereal crops worldwide. To examine the effects of non-chemical weed management options (farmland use, delayed sowing, and summer irrigation) on control of A. fatua, we recorded coverage levels and field conditions in 41 sites during the spring growing season of winter wheat for about 10 years. A transition matrix model was then constructed to project coverage levels of A. fatua under each management option using ordinal logistic regression. The results showed that farmland use had a remarkable effect on coverage; notably, planting of paddy rice and vegetables, which respectively eliminated the effect of coverage in the previous year and facilitated rapid convergence of coverage to 0%. Thus, although 90% of fields under continuous wheat cultivation were found to be at risk of A. fatua colonization, the risk was reduced to almost 0% with rotation of effective farmland use. As summer irrigation was also effective, more than 50% of wheat fields with the option continuously converged to no risk for A. fatua colonization. When the different management cycles were repeated, the effects were observed within 3 years, with a steady state reached in less than 10 years. Overall, these results suggest that simplified monitoring data could help decision-making on IWM, thereby helping to improve the efficiency of agricultural production.

SUBMITTER: Matsuhashi S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7810275 | biostudies-literature | 2021

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Estimations and projections of Avena fatua dynamics under multiple management scenarios in crop fields using simplified longitudinal monitoring.

Matsuhashi Saeko S Asai Motoaki M Fukasawa Keita K

PloS one 20210115 1

Integrated weed management (IWM) is currently the most appropriate and effective method of agricultural weed control. To determine the most effective strategy, it is necessary to compare the effects of different control options and their rotation. Avena fatua (common wild oat) is one of the most common and economically threatening grass weed species of cereal crops worldwide. To examine the effects of non-chemical weed management options (farmland use, delayed sowing, and summer irrigation) on c ...[more]

PMID: 33449954

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Project description:Adaptation of weeds to water stress could result in the broader distribution, and make weed control task increasingly difficult. Therefore, a clear understanding of the biology of weeds under water stress could assist in the development of sustainable weed management strategies. Avena fatua (wild oat) and A. ludoviciana (sterile oat) are problematic weeds in Australian winter crops. The objectives of this study were to determine the growth and reproductive behaviour of A. fatua and A. ludoviciana at different soil moisture levels [20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% water holding capacity (WHC)]. Results revealed that A. fatua did not survive and failed to produce seeds at 20 and 40% WHC. However, A. ludoviciana survived at 40% WHC and produced 54 seeds plant-1. A. fatua produced a higher number of seeds per plant than A. ludoviciana at 80 (474 vs 406 seeds plant-1) and 100% WHC (480 vs 417 seeds plant-1). Seed production for both species remained similar at 80 and 100% WHC; however, higher than 60% WHC. Seed production of A. fatua and A. ludoviciana was 235 and 282 seeds plant-1, respectively, at 60% WHC. The 60% WHC reduced seed production of A. fatua and A. ludoviciana by 51 and 32% respectively, compared to 100% WHC. The plant height, leaf weight, stem weight, and root weight per plant of A. fatua at 60% WHC reduced by 45, 27, 32, and 59%, respectively, as compared with 100% WHC. Similarly, the plant height, leaf weight, stem weight, and root weight per plant of A. ludoviciana at 60% WHC reduced by 45, 35, 47 and 76%, respectively, as compared with 100% WHC. Results indicate that A. ludoviciana can survive and produce seeds at 40% of WHC, indicating the adaptation of the species to dryland conditions. The results also suggest that A. ludoviciana is likely to be robust under water stress conditions, potentially reducing crop yield. The ability of A. fatua and A. ludoviciana to produce seeds under water-stressed conditions (60% WHC) necessitates integrated weed management strategies that suppress these weeds whilst taking into account the efficient utilization of stored moisture for winter crops.

Project description:Fusarium avenaceum F.a.1 is a novel strain of a fungal plant pathogen capable of preferentially decaying wild oat (Avena fatua) caryopses compared with those of wheat (Triticum aestivum). Understanding the molecular mechanisms governing weed seed-pathogen interactions is crucial to developing novel weed seed suppression technologies. Additionally, wild oat often competes with wheat in regions undergoing soil acidification, which leads to increases in soluble concentrations of many metals, including aluminum (Al). There is a dearth of information regarding the gene expression responses of Fusarium species to Al toxicity, or how metal toxicity might influence caryopsis colonization. To address this, a transcriptomic approach was used to investigate molecular responses of F.a.1 during wild oat caryopsis colonization in the presence and absence of chronic, sublethal concentrations of Al (400 μM). Caryopsis colonization was associated with induction of genes related to virulence, development, iron metabolism, oxidoreduction, stress, and detoxification, along with repression of genes associated with development, transport, cell-wall turnover, and virulence. Caryopsis colonization during Al exposure resulted in the induction of genes associated with virulence, detoxification, stress, iron metabolism, oxidoreduction, and cell wall turnover, along with repression of genes associated with cell wall metabolism, virulence, development, detoxification, stress, and transcriptional regulation. Aluminum exposure in the absence of caryopses was associated with induction of genes involved in siderophore biosynthesis, secretion, uptake, and utilization, along with several other iron metabolism-related and organic acid metabolism-related genes. The siderophore-related responses associated with Al toxicity occurred concurrently with differential regulation of genes indicating disruption of iron homeostasis. These findings suggest Al toxicity is attenuated by siderophore metabolism in F.a.1. In summary, both caryopsis colonization and Al toxicity uniquely influence transcriptomic responses of F.a.1.

Dataset Information

Estimations and projections of Avena fatua dynamics under multiple management scenarios in crop fields using simplified longitudinal monitoring.

Publications

Estimations and projections of Avena fatua dynamics under multiple management scenarios in crop fields using simplified longitudinal monitoring.

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