Characterization of the complete plastome of Cyperus rotundus L. (Cyperaceae).
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Wu R
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7819115 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Cyperus fuscus known as brown flatsedge plays an important role in sand fixation and water purification. The first complete chloroplast genome sequences of pioneering plant C. fuscus were reported in this study. The complete chloroplast genome was 167,660?bp in length, containing a large single copy region (LSC) of 79,790?bp and a small single copy region (SSC) of 12,192?bp, which were separated by a pair of 37,839?bp inverted repeat regions (IRs). The chloroplast genome contains 135 genes, including 92 protein-coding genes, eight ribosomal RNA genes, and 35 transfer RNA genes. The overall GC content is 36.3%, while the corresponding values of the LSC, SSC, and IR region are 35.1%, 28.3%, and 38.5%, respectively. Further, the maximum-likelihood phylogenetic analysis showed a strong sister relationship with Cyperus difformis in Cyperaceae. Our findings provide a foundation for further study of chloroplast genome evolution and genetics information in C. fuscus.
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Project description:Cyperus malaccensis Lam is a perennial herbaceous plant that is distributed over a large area along the southern coast of China. Some plants of the Cyperaceae family are highly similar morphologically, which makes them difficult to classify and identify. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome of C. malaccensis was sequenced and assembled. The chloroplast genome is 186,098 bp long with a 33.18% content of GC. The structure of chloroplast genome includes a quadripartite structure that is composed of a pair of inverted repeats (IRs) of 37,434 bp, a small single copy (SSC) region of 10,296 bp, and a large single copy (LSC) region of 100,934 bp. The genome contains 141 genes, including 94 protein-coding genes, 39 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. A phylogenetic analysis showed that C. malaccensis is the most closely related to the congeneric species C. rotundus. These results enrich the genetic resources of the Cyperaceae and provide a molecular basis for further study on the phylogeny of this family.
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Project description:The Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequence of the Medicinal Plant Cyperus rotundus
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Project description:Cyperus iria L. is an annual weed of the family Cyperaceae, which plays an important role in the environmental remediation of uranium contaminate. Here, the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of Cyperus iria has been reconstructed from the complete genome Illumina sequencing data. The complete cp genome was 185,697 bp in length, containing a large single copy region (LSC) of 99,360 bp and a small single copy region (SSC) of 10,267 bp, which were separated by a pair of 38,035 bp inverted repeat regions (IRs). The cp genome contained 135 genes, including 89 protein-coding genes (PCGs), eight rRNA genes, and 38 tRNA genes. The cp genome has a GC content of 33.16%. Further, the phylogenetic analysis showed a strong sister relationship with Cyperus rotundus.
| S-EPMC8043553 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Microsatellite markers were characterized in the extremely specialized ephemeral wetland plant species Cyperus fuscus (Cyperaceae). The markers will be used for studying population genetics in natural vs. anthropogenic habitats, on a European scale, and the role of the soil seed bank in the life cycle of this ephemeral species. METHODS AND RESULTS:Twenty-one microsatellite loci were established and scored in two populations, with mean number of alleles of 2.6 and 2.9 and mean expected heterozygosity of 0.405 and 0.470, respectively. Forty-four additional loci with the number of alleles ranging from one to four (mean = 2.1) were successfully amplified in seven individuals. CONCLUSIONS:The novel microsatellite markers will be useful for studying the genetic structure of populations of this ephemeral plant as well as their seed bank.
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Project description:In recent years, three large populations of Cyperus flavescens were found in Poland, the richest occurrence of this species in over 30 years. The goal of this research is to determine the habitat factors lead to the mass occurrence of C. flavescens and the present situation of that species and its habitat in Central Europe. Soil conditions of the three populations were studied. To determine the correlation between the occurrence and abundance of species and the chemical parameters of the soil, the DCA and CCA methods were used. The DCA of environmental Ellenberg values was made for all relevés known from Poland. The occurrence of C. flavescens in plant communities in Central Europe was studied. The maximum entropy method was used for potential distribution analysis of C. flavescens. All analyzed traits are important for this species and none has an advantage over another, so the environmental factor affecting the occurrence of C. flavescens is different from the tested. Analysis on Ellenberg values indicate that the longest gradients are temperature, moisture and nutrients. The analysis of vegetation data involving Cyperus flavescens available from Central Europe indicates that this species occurs mainly in the company of Juncus bufonius and Plantago intermedia, whereas other species of the Isoëto-Nanojuncetea class appear rarely. In MaxEnt analysis based on bioclimatic variables, the most important variable is BIO1 (Annual Mean Temperature). The results of our observation indicate that anthropogenic factors such as grazing livestock have a positive effect on the occurrence of the species. It is also very likely that the species is promoted by very warm summers with only short periods of heavy rains. A map of the potential distribution of C. flavescens in Central Europe created according historical and future data show an extension of the range of potential habitats to the north and east.
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Project description:The compounds 1,8-cineole and zerumbone (ZER) from the Cyperus rotundus rhizome along with another 11 previously identified rhizome essential oil constituents and ?-humulene, which lacks the only carbonyl group present in ZER, as well as binary mixtures of ZER and seven active compounds were tested for repellency to male B. germanica. The results were compared to N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet). In filter-paper choice tests, ZER was the most repellent compound, and ?-humulene was ineffective, which indicates that the ?,?-unsaturated carbonyl group of ZER is a prerequisite component for repellency. At 81.5??g?cm-2, enhanced repellency was produced by binary mixtures of ZER and 1,8-cineole, (+)-dihydrocarvone or (R)-(+)-limonene (70:30, 50:50 and 30:70 ratios by weight). These mixtures were very effective against male B. germanica within 24?h and were more repellent than a single compound or deet alone. The optimum ZER content was determined to be more than 50%. In Ebeling choice box tests at 652.4??g?cm-2, these compounds and deet resulted in complete repellency to intact male B. germanica, while they exhibited 35-47% repellency to antennectomized male one. Mixtures formulated from the active constituents of the C. rotundus rhizome could be useful as potential repellents for controlling B. germanica.
| S-EPMC5709496 | biostudies-other
Project description:The nutgrass, Cyperus rotundus L. (Family: Cyperaceae), is a colonial, perennial herb considered to have originated in India 2000 years ago and widely used in Ayurveda to treat several ailments. In addition to its prehistoric uses, it is used in several systems of medicine for treating variety of diseases. The synergistic actions of the Cyperus' compounds have added advantage over that of a single constituent. In the past decade, numerous studies proved analgesic, anti-allergic, anti-arthritic, anti-candida, anti-cariogenic, anti-convulsant, anti-diarrheal, anti-emetic, anti-helminthic, anti-histamine, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hypertensive, anti-inflammatory, anti-malarial, anti-obesity, antioxidant, anti-platelet, anti-pyretic, anti-ulcer, anti-viral, cardioprotective, cytoprotective, cytotoxic, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, ovicidal, and larvicidal, wound healing and inhibition of brain Na+ K+ ATPase activities of C. rotundus and its chemical constituents. However, the exact the mechanism of action is not very clear and requires further evaluation. These properties strongly suggest an extensive use of C. rotundus for clinical applications. In this review, we attempted to provide information about the pharmacological effects of Cyperus and its proposed mechanisms of actions.
| S-EPMC6037646 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a kind of malignant tumor with higher recurrence and metastasis rate. According to historical records, the dry rhizomes Cyperus rotundus L. could be ground into powder and mixed with ginger juice and wine for external application for breast cancer. We studied the effect of the ethanol extract of Cyperus rotundus L. (EECR) on TNBC cells and found its' apoptosis-inducing effect with a dose-relationship. But the function mechanism of EECR on TNBC is still mysterious. Hence, the present research aimed to detect its function mechanism at the small molecule level through ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) metabolomics. METHODS:The CCK-8 assay and the Annexin V-FITC/PI assay were applied to test the effect of EECR on MDA-MB-231 cells and MDA-MB 468 cells at various concentrations of 0, 200, 400, and 600??g/ml. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS based metabolomics was used between the control group and the EECR treatment groups. Multivariate statistical analysis was used to visualize the apoptosis-inducing action of EECR and filtrate significantly changed metabolites. RESULTS:The apoptosis-inducing action was confirmed and forty-nine significantly changed metabolites (VIP >?1, p?<?0.05, and FC >?1.2 or FC <?0.8) were identified after the interference of EECR. The level of significant differential metabolites between control group, middle dose group, and high dose group were compared and found that which supported the apoptosis-inducing action with dose-dependence. CONCLUSION:By means of metabolism, we have detected the mechanism of EECR inducing apoptosis of TNBC cells at the level of small molecule metabolites and found that EECR impacted the energy metabolism of TNBC cells. In addition, we concluded that EECR induced apoptosis by breaking the balance between ATP-production and ATP-consumption: arresting the pathways of Carbohydrate metabolism such as Central carbon metabolism in cancer, aerobic glycolysis, and Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, whereas accelerating the pathways of ATP-consumption including Amino Acids metabolism, Fatty acid metabolism, Riboflavin metabolism and Purine metabolism. Although further study is still needed, EECR has great potential in the clinical treatment of TNBC with fewer toxic and side effects.
| S-EPMC7449030 | biostudies-literature