The complete mitochondrial genome of Aphis gossypii Glover, 1877 (Hemiptera: Aphididae) isolated from Leonurus japonicus in Korea.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Park J
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7819132 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:We have determined mitochondrial genome of A. gossypii isolated from Plantago asiatica in Korea. The circular mitogenome of A. gossypii is 16,045 bp including 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNAs, and a single control region of 798 bp. Its AT ratio is 83.8%. In comparison this mitogenome to Chinese and Korean A. gossypii mitogenomes, 66 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 176 insertions and deletions (INDELs) and 11 SNPs and 173 INDELs are identified, respectively, presenting similar level to those of Nilaparvata lugens, Laodelphax striatellus, and Spodoptera frugiperda and lower than that of Chilo suppresallis.
| S-EPMC7782666 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a serious polyphagous agricultural pest worldwide. In the present study, we used eight microsatellite markers to investigate the genetic structure and diversity of A. gossypii populations in Korea. Samples were collected from 37 locations in Korea (18 populations in 2016, 14 populations in 2017, and five populations in 2018) from pepper plants. A. gossypii had low to moderate genetic diversity, and expected heterozygosity (HE) ranged from 0.354 to 0.719. A Mantel test of isolation by distance indicated no relationship between genetic structure and geographic distance among all populations (r2 = 0.0004, p = 0.370), suggesting high gene flow among populations in Korea. Populations of A. gossypii in Korea were divided into two distinct genetic clusters (ΔK = 2). In 2016 and 2017, the genetic clusters changed into opposite genetic structures within one year mostly in northwest and southeast parts of Korea. Possible relevance of study results was discussed. Chemical control, cyclical parthenogenesis, and immigrants from the exterior might have resulted in this low genetic diversity and opposite genetic clusters.
| S-EPMC6835795 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Aphid gosypii Glover, 1877 is a widely recognized economically important aphid species in the world. We have determined mitochondrial genome of A. gossypii collected in Korean peninsula. The circular mitogenome of A. gossypii is 15,872 bp including 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNAs, and a single control region of 627 bp. The base composition was AT-biased (83.8%). In comparison of Chinese A. gossypii mitochondrial genomes with that of Korean sample, 61 single nucleotide polymorphisms and 3 insertions and deletions were identified, presenting lower level of those of Nilaparvata lugens, Laodelphax striatellus, and Chilo suppresallis.
| S-EPMC7706777 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The complete mitochondrial genome of Aphis gossypii Glover cucumber biotype was sequenced using traditional PCR amplification coupled with Sanger sequencing. The genome is 15,870 bp long, with 83.7% AT content (MW048625). The genome encodes 37 typical mitochondrial genes, including 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNAs, a repeat region of 784 bp, and a control region of 627 bp. The base composition of the genome is A (45.4%), T (38.3%), C (10.5%), and G (5.8%). An analysis of two biotypes A. gossypii mitogenomes identified 77 single nucleotide polymorphisms and 1 insertion and deletion.
| S-EPMC7971299 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:The cotton-melon aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a polyphagous species with a worldwide distribution and a variety of biotypes. North China is a traditional agricultural area with abundant winter and summer hosts of A. gossypii. While the life cycles of A. gossypii on different plants have been well studied, those of the biotypes of North China are still unclear. RESULTS:Host transfer experiments showed that A. gossypii from North China has two host-specialized biotypes: cotton and cucumber. Based on complete mitochondrial sequences, we identified a molecular marker with five single-nucleotide polymorphisms to distinguish the biotypes. Using this marker, a large-scale study of biotypes on primary winter and summer hosts was conducted. All A. gossypii collected from three primary hosts-hibiscus, pomegranate, and Chinese prickly ash-were cotton biotypes, with more cotton-melon aphids found on hibiscus than the other two species. In May, alate cotton and cucumber biotypes coexisted on cotton and cucumber seedlings, but each preferred its natal host. Both biotypes existed on zucchini, although the cucumber biotype was more numerous. Aphids on muskmelon were all cucumber biotypes, whereas most aphids on kidney bean were cotton biotypes. Aphids on seedlings of potato and cowpea belong to other species. In August, aphids on cotton and cucumber were the respective biotypes, with zucchini still hosting both biotypes as before. Thus, the biotypes had different fitnesses on different host plants. CONCLUSIONS:Two host-specialized biotypes (cotton and cucumber) are present in North China. Hibiscus, pomegranate, and Chinese prickly ash can serve as winter hosts for the cotton biotype but not the cucumber biotype in North China. The fitnesses of the two host-specialized biotypes differ on various summer hosts. When alate aphids migrate to summer hosts, they cannot accurately land on the corresponding plant.
| S-EPMC4703217 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Aphids live in symbiosis with a variety of bacteria, including the obligate symbiont Buchnera aphidicola and diverse facultative symbionts. The symbiotic associations for one aphid species, especially for polyphagous species, often differ across populations. In the present study, by using high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing, we surveyed in detail the microbiota in natural populations of the cotton aphid Aphis gossypii in China and assessed differences in bacterial diversity with respect to host plant and geography. The microbial community of A. gossypii was dominated by a few heritable symbionts. Arsenophonus was the most dominant secondary symbiont, and Spiroplasma was detected for the first time. Statistical tests and ordination analyses showed that host plants rather than geography seemed to have shaped the associated symbiont composition. Special symbiont communities inhabited the Cucurbitaceae-feeding populations, which supported the ecological specialization of A. gossypii on cucurbits from the viewpoint of symbiotic bacteria. Correlation analysis suggested antagonistic interactions between Buchnera and coexisting secondary symbionts and more complicated interactions between different secondary symbionts. Our findings lend further support to an important role of the host plant in structuring symbiont communities of polyphagous aphids and will improve our understanding of the interactions among phytophagous insects, symbionts, and environments.
| S-EPMC7198476 | biostudies-literature
Project description:While trade-offs between flight capability and reproduction is a common phenomenon in wing dimorphic insects, the molecular basis is largely unknown. In this study, we examined the transcriptomic differences between winged and wingless morphs of cotton aphids, Aphis gossypii, using a tag-based digital gene expression (DGE) approach. Ultra high-throughput Illumina sequencing generated 5.30 and 5.39 million raw tags, respectively, from winged and wingless A. gossypii DGE libraries. We identified 1,663 differentially expressed transcripts, among which 58 were highly expressed in the winged A. gossypii, whereas 1,605 expressed significantly higher in the wingless morphs. Bioinformatics tools, including Gene Ontology, Cluster of Orthologous Groups, euKaryotic Orthologous Groups and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways, were used to functionally annotate these transcripts. In addition, 20 differentially expressed transcripts detected by DGE were validated by the quantitative real-time PCR. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of sedentary (wingless) and migratory (winged) A. gossyii not only advances our understanding of the trade-offs in wing dimorphic insects, but also provides a candidate molecular target for the genetic control of this agricultural insect pest.
| S-EPMC3957081 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionReproductive polymorphism and symbiotic bacteria are commonly observed in aphids, but their interaction remains largely unclear. In polymorphic aphid species (Aphis gossypii), offspring of parthenogenetic females (PFs) develops into sexuparae which produces gynoparae and males successively. Gynoparae further produces sexual females (SFs), and these sexual females mate with males to produce offspring.MethodsIn this study, we investigated the dynamic changes of symbiotic bacteria during the above-mentioned five reproductive morph switch in A. gossypii via 16S rRNA sequencing technology.ResultsThe results showed that species richness and community diversity of symbiotic bacteria in males were the highest. Proteobacteria was absolutely dominant bacterial phylum (with relative abundance of more than 90%) in the five reproductive morphs of A. gossypii, and Buchnera was absolutely dominant genus (with relative abundance of >90%), followed by Rhodococcus, Pseudomonas, and Pantoea. Male-killing symbiont Arsenophonus presented the highest relative abundance in gynoparae, a specific morph whose offsprings were exclusively sexual females. Both principal component analysis (PCA) and clustering analysis showed trans-generation similarity in microbial community structure between sexuparae and sexual females, between PFs and gynoparae. PICRUSt 2 analysis showed that symbiotic bacteria in the five reproductive morphs were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways.DiscussionReproductive morph switch induced by environmental changes might be associated with bacterial community variation and sexual polymorphism of aphids. This study provides a new perspective for further deciphering the interactions between microbes and reproductive polymorphism in host aphids.
| S-EPMC9877530 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii, is one of the most biologically diverse species of aphids; a polyphagous species in a family where most are host specialists. It is economically important and belongs to a group of closely related species that has challenged aphid taxonomy. The research presented here seeks to clarify the taxonomic relationships and status of species within the Aphid gossypii group in the North American Midwest. Sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 (COI), nuclear elongation factor 1-α (EF1-α), and nuclear sodium channel para-type (SCP) genes were used to differentiate between Aphid gossypii and related species. Aphis monardae, previously synonymised with Aphid gossypii, is re-established as a valid species. Phylogenetic analyses support the close relationship of members of the Aphid gossypii group native to North America (Aphid forbesi, Aphid monardae, Aphid oestlundi, Aphid rubifolii, and Aphid rubicola), Europe (Aphid nasturtii, Aphid urticata and Aphid sedi), and Asia (Aphid agrimoniae, Aphid clerodendri, Aphid glycines, Aphid gossypii, Aphid hypericiphaga, Aphid ichigicola, Aphid ichigo, Aphid sanguisorbicola, Aphid sumire and Aphid taraxicicola). The North American species most closely related to Aphid gossypii are Aphid monardae and Aphid oestlundi. The cosmopolitan Aphid gossypii and Aphid sedi identified in the USA are genetically very similar using COI and EF1-α sequences, but the SCP gene shows greater genetic distance between them. We present a discussion of the biological and morphological differentiation of these species.
| S-EPMC4283632 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Insects harbor a wide variety of microorganisms that form complex and changing communities and play an important role in the biology and evolution of their hosts. Aphids have been used as model organisms to study microorganism-insect interactions. Almost all aphids are infected with the obligate endosymbiont Buchnera aphidicola and can host different bacteria that allow them to acquire traits of agronomic importance, such as resistance to high temperatures and/or defense against natural enemies. However, the bacterial communities of most aphid species remain poorly characterized. In this study, we used high-throughput DNA sequencing to characterize the bacterial communities of Aphis gossypii and Myzus persicae from two cultivable pepper species, Capsicum frutescens (Tabasco variety) and C. annuum (Cayenne variety), in four localities of southwestern Colombia. In addition, we evaluated the dynamics of A. gossypii-associated microorganisms on a seasonal basis. Our results show that the bacterial communities of A. gossypii and M. persicae are dominated by the primary endosymbiont B. aphidicola, while the presence of the facultative symbiont Arsenophonus sp. was only detected in one A. gossypii population from cayenne pepper. In addition to these two known symbionts, eight bacterial OTUs were identified that presented a frequency of 1% or more in at least one of the analyzed populations. The results show that the bacterial communities of aphids associated with pepper crops appears to be structured according to the host aphid species and the geographical location, while no differences were observed in the diversity of bacteria between host plants. Finally, the diversity and abundance of the A. gossypii bacterial community was variable among the four sampling points evaluated over the year and showed a relation with the aphid's population dynamics. This study represents the first approach to the knowledge of the bacterial community present in chili pepper aphids from Colombia. Nevertheless, more in-depth studies, including replicates, are required to confirm the patterns observed in the microbial communities of aphids from pepper crops.
| S-EPMC6453963 | biostudies-literature