Dataset Information

Darunavir/Cobicistat/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide in a Rapid-Initiation Model of Care for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection: Primary Analysis of the DIAMOND Study.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Most guidelines recommend rapid treatment initiation for patients with newly diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, but prospective US data are limited. The DIAMOND (NCT03227861) study using darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (D/C/F/TAF) 800/150/200/10 mg is a phase 3 prospective study evaluating efficacy/safety of a single-tablet regimen in a rapid-initiation model of care.

Methods

Adults aged ?18 years began D/C/F/TAF ?14 days from diagnosis without screening/baseline results; as results became available, participants not meeting predefined safety/resistance stopping rules continued. Primary endpoint was virologic response (HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL; intent-to-treat; US Food and Drug Administration [FDA] snapshot) at week 48; participant satisfaction was measured via the HIV Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire status version (HIVTSQs).

Results

Of 109 participants, 87% were male, 32% black/African American, median (range) age was 28 (range, 19-66) years, 25% of participants had HIV-1 RNA ?100 000 copies/mL, 21% had CD4+ cell count <200 cells/µL, and 31% enrolled ?48 hours from diagnosis. At week 48, 97 (89%) participants completed the study and 92 (84%) achieved HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL (FDA snapshot). There were no protocol-defined virologic failures; incidences of adverse events (AEs) and adverse drug reactions (33%) were low, no serious AEs were study drug related, and 1 (<1%) participant discontinued due to study drug related AE(s). The overall HIVTSQs score at week 48 was 58 (maximum: 60).

Conclusions

At week 48, a high proportion of participants starting D/C/F/TAF achieved HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL and very few discontinued therapy. D/C/F/TAF was well tolerated, no participants discontinued due to baseline resistance stopping criteria, and high treatment satisfaction among participants was recorded.

Clinical trials registration

NCT03227861.

SUBMITTER: Huhn GD

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7819515 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Darunavir/Cobicistat/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide in a Rapid-Initiation Model of Care for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection: Primary Analysis of the DIAMOND Study.

Huhn Gregory D GD Crofoot Gordon G Ramgopal Moti M Gathe Joseph J Bolan Robert R Luo Donghan D Simonson Richard Bruce RB Nettles Richard E RE Benson Carmela C Dunn Keith K

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 20201201 12

<h4>Background</h4>Most guidelines recommend rapid treatment initiation for patients with newly diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, but prospective US data are limited. The DIAMOND (NCT03227861) study using darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (D/C/F/TAF) 800/150/200/10 mg is a phase 3 prospective study evaluating efficacy/safety of a single-tablet regimen in a rapid-initiation model of care.<h4>Methods</h4>Adults aged ≥18 years began D/C/F/TAF ≤1 ...[more]

PMID: 31879782

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Project description:A fixed-dose combination consisting of darunavir (Drv), cobicistat (Cobi), emtricitabine (2',3'-dideoxy-5-fluoro-3'-thiacytidine [FTC]), and tenofovir alafenamide (Taf) has been recently approved by the European Medicines Agency for the treatment of HIV infection, and is the first ever protease-inhibitor-based single-tablet regimen. This article provides a detailed description of its pharmacokinetic, efficacy, and safety profile. The pharmacokinetics of single compounds were analyzed, with a special focus on contrasts between Drv/Cobi and Drv/ritonavir (Rtv). When comparing Cobi and Rtv, multiple interactions must be taken into account: in comparison to Rtv, Cobi is a more selective CYP3A4 inhibitor and has no clinical effect on other isoenzymes inhibited by Rtv (eg, 2C8 and 2C9). Moreover, unlike Cobi, Rtv shows in vivo induction activity on some CYP isoenzymes (eg, 1A2, 2C19, 2C8, 2C9, and 2B6), glucuronyltransferases (eg, UGT1A4), and Pgp. Drv-Cobi-FTC-Taf has recently been demonstrated to be of equal efficacy to Drv-Rtv and other protease inhibitors in both experienced (EMERALD study) and naïve (AMBER study) patients. Moreover, kidney and bone safety profiles have been shown to be good, as has central nervous system tolerance. Total cholesterol:low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol:high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol ratios are generally high in Drv-Cobi-FTC-Taf vs Rtv-Drv-FTC + tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. An unlikely role of Drv in influencing cardiovascular risk in HIV infection has also been reported. Kidney safety profile is influenced by Cobi, with an increase in creatinine plasma concentration of 0.05-0.1 mg/dL and a parallel glomerular filtration-rate reduction of 10 mL/min within the first 4 weeks after Cobi introduction, which remains stable during treatment. Bone and central nervous system safety profiles were found to be good in randomized clinical trials of both experienced and naïve patients. The efficacy and safety of Drv/Cobi/FTC/Taf are comparable to other drug regimens recommended for HIV treatment.

Project description:OBJECTIVES:To investigate efficacy and safety of a single-tablet regimen of darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (D/C/F/TAF) 800/150/200/10?mg vs. darunavir/cobicistat plus emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxyl fumarate (TDF) (control) in antiretroviral-treatment-naive, HIV-1-infected adults. DESIGN:Phase-3, randomized, active-controlled, double-blind, international, multicenter, noninferiority study (NCT02431247). METHODS:Seven hundred and twenty-five participants were randomized (1?:?1) to D/C/F/TAF (362) or control (363). The primary objective was to demonstrate noninferiority of D/C/F/TAF vs. control for percentage viral load less than 50?copies/ml (FDA-snapshot analysis) at 48 weeks (10% margin). RESULTS:At week 48, D/C/F/TAF was noninferior to control (91.4 vs. 88.4% achieved viral load <50 copies/ml, respectively; difference 2.7%; 95% CI -1.6 to 7.1; P?<?0.0001), with 4.4 vs. 3.3% of patients, respectively, having viral load greater or equal to 50?copies/ml. No treatment-emergent mutations associated with darunavir or TAF/TDF resistance were observed in either group. One patient (D/C/F/TAF) was identified with M184I/V conferring resistance to emtricitabine. Incidences of grades 3 and 4 adverse events (5 vs. 6%), serious adverse events (5 vs. 6%) and adverse event-related discontinuations (2 vs. 4%) were low and similar between groups. Mean decrease in urine protein/creatinine ratio was greater with D/C/F/TAF than control (-22.42 vs. -10.34?mg/g, P?=?0.033). Mean percentage change in bone mineral density with D/C/F/TAF vs. control was 0.21 vs. -2.73%, P?<?0.0001 (hip), -0.68 vs. -2.38%, P?=?0.004 (lumbar spine), and -0.26 vs. -2.97%, P?<?0.0001 (femoral neck). Median change from baseline in total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio was 0.20 vs. 0.08, P?=?0.036. CONCLUSION:D/C/F/TAF achieved a high virologic suppression rate (91.4%) and was noninferior to darunavir/cobicistat with F/TDF. D/C/F/TAF also demonstrated the bone and renal safety advantages of TAF in combination with darunavir/cobicistat.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (D/C/F/TAF) 800/150/200/10 mg is a once-daily, single-tablet regimen for treatment of HIV-1 infection. The efficacy/safety of switching to D/C/F/TAF versus continuing boosted protease inhibitor (bPI)?+?emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (control) were demonstrated in a phase 3, randomized study (EMERALD) of treatment-experienced, virologically suppressed adults through week 48. The objective of this analysis was to evaluate EMERALD outcomes across subgroups of patients based on demographic characteristics, prior treatment experience, and baseline antiretroviral regimen. METHODS:EMERALD patients were virologically suppressed (viral load [VL]?<?50 copies/mL for???2 months at screening). Prior non-darunavir virologic failure (VF) was allowed. Primary endpoint was proportion of patients with virologic rebound (confirmed VL???50 copies/mL) cumulative through week 48. Virologic response was VL?<?50 copies/mL (FDA snapshot). Safety was assessed by adverse events, renal proteinuria markers, and bone mineral density. Outcomes were examined for prespecified subgroups by age (?/>?50 years), gender, race (black/non-black), prior number of antiretrovirals used (4/5/6/7/>?7), prior VF (0/??1), baseline bPI (darunavir/atazanavir or lopinavir), and baseline boosting agent (ritonavir/cobicistat). RESULTS:Among 1141 patients in the D/C/F/TAF (n?=?763) and control (n?=?378) arms, virologic rebound rates (2.5% and 2.1%, respectively) were similar, and this was consistent across all subgroups. Virologic response rates ranged from 91 to 97% (D/C/F/TAF) and 89 to 99% (control) across all subgroups, with differences between treatment arms of 0 and 6%. Adverse event rates were low in both arms and across subgroups. Improvements in renal and bone parameters were observed with D/C/F/TAF across demographic subgroups. CONCLUSIONS:For treatment-experienced, virologically suppressed patients, switching to D/C/F/TAF was highly effective and safe, regardless of demographic characteristics, prior treatment experience, or pre-switch bPI. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02269917. Registered 21 October 2014. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02269917.

Project description:Abstract Background Ritonavir boosted protease inhibitors have been associated with GI intolerance. A post hoc analysis was conducted to assess the GI profile of D/C/F/TAF in treatment naïve patients. Methods The phase 3 AMBER trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02431247) enrolled treatment naïve patients randomized 1:1 to receive once daily D/C/F/TAF 800/150/200/10 mg or D/C + F/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). This post hoc analysis evaluated the incidence, prevalence and duration of GI adverse events of interest (AEOIs) through Wk 96. Related GI AEOIs were defined as diarrhea, nausea, abdominal pain and flatulence (by preferred term using MedDRAv21) deemed very likely, probable, or possibly related to study drug by the investigator. Incidence and prevalence were examined at weekly intervals during the first month of treatment and monthly thereafter. Duration of an AE was calculated for patients whose AEs had start and stop dates. Results In AMBER (N = 725), 362 patients were randomized to D/C/F/TAF and 363 to D/C + F/TDF (Table). Through Wk 48, 14% of D/C/F/TAF patients had a study drug–related GI AEOI vs 19% of D/C + F/TDF patients; of these, all were grade 1/2 and none were serious. Incidence and prevalence of D/C/F/TAF-related GI AEOIs remained low through 96 wks (Figure 1 & 2). Incidence of D/C/F/TAF-related diarrhea and nausea were each 5% in Wk 1 and ≤1% after Wk 2; prevalence of each decreased to < 5% at Wk 2. There was 1 case of D/C/F/TAF-related abdominal discomfort at Wk 1 and none thereafter. Incidence of D/C/F/TAF-related flatulence was < 1% from Wk 1 through Wk 96. Only 2 (1%) patients discontinued before Wk 96 due to a D/C/F/TAF-related GI AEOI (both diarrhea). Through Wk 96, < 3% of patients required treatment with concomitant medication for a D/C/F/TAF-related GI AEOI. Among patients with a D/C/F/TAF-related GI AEOI, the median duration was 16.5 days. Conclusion In AMBER, incidences and prevalences of D/C/F/TAF-related GI AEOIs were low and tended to present early in the study. Combined with rapid decreases in prevalence, these finding suggest that GI AEOIs were transient. Overall, the GI profile of D/C/F/TAF was favorable, and to a greater extent than D/C + F/TDF, suggesting improved tolerance vs an older formulation. Table. Baseline Demographic and Clinical Characteristics Figure 1. Incidence of study drug–related GI AEOIs over time among patients randomized to D/C/F/TAF (n = 362). Figure 2. Prevalence of study drug–related GI AEOIs over time among patients randomized to D/C/F/TAF (n = 362). Disclosures Keith Dunn, PharmD, J&J (Employee, Shareholder) Yangxin Huang, PhD, MS, J&J (Employee) Bryan Baugh, MD, J&J (Employee, Shareholder) Nika Bejou, PharmD, BCIDP, AAHIVP, J&J (Employee, Shareholder) Donghan Luo, PhD, J&J (Employee, Shareholder) Jennifer Campbell, PhD, J&J (Employee, Shareholder) David Anderson, MD, J&J (Employee, Shareholder)

Project description:As a simplification strategy for treatment-experienced HIV-infected patients who have achieved virologic suppression on a multi-drug, multi-class antiretroviral regimen, the aim of this study was to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of once-daily elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir disproxil fumarate (E/C/F/TDF) with darunavir.A single arm, open-label 48-week study was conducted of regimen simplification to E/C/F/TDF plus darunavir 800 mg daily from stable therapy including two nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors, a ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor, and an integrase inhibitor. Participants had plasma HIV viral load consistently < 200 copies/mL for ? 6 months, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ? 60 mL/min, and no genotypic resistance to major components of the study regimen. Plasma viral load was measured at weeks 2 and 4, then every 4 weeks throughout the study. Safety laboratory assessments were conducted at baseline and at weeks 12, 24, 36, and 48. Antiretroviral drug concentrations were measured at baseline and once ? 2 weeks after the regimen change.Ten HIV-infected adults (8 male and 2 female; median age 50.5 years) were enrolled. All maintained virologic suppression on the new regimen for 48 weeks. One subject experienced a decrease in eGFR from 62 mL/min at baseline to 52 mL/min at week 12; study medications were continued and his eGFR remained stable (50-59 mL/min) thereafter. No subjects discontinued study medications for renal function changes or other adverse events. Darunavir trough concentration were lower on the new regimen than on darunavir/ritonavir 800/100 mg (n = 5; p < 0.05).Despite low darunavir trough concentrations, treatment simplification to a two-pill, once-daily regimen of E/C/F/TDF plus darunavir was safe and effective for 48 weeks among 10 selected treatment-experienced HIV-infected patients. Trial registration The study protocol was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02199613) on July 22, 2014.

Project description:BackgroundBictegravir (B)/emtricitabine (F)/tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) is guideline-recommended treatment for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). We evaluated whether people receiving dolutegravir (DTG) plus F/TAF or F/TDF (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) with viral suppression can switch to B/F/TAF without compromising safety or efficacy, regardless of preexisting nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) resistance.MethodsIn this multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, active-controlled, noninferiority trial, we enrolled adults who were virologically suppressed for ≥6 months before screening (with documented/suspected NRTI resistance) or ≥3 months before screening (with no documented/suspected NRTI resistance) on DTG plus either F/TDF or F/TAF. We randomly assigned (1:1) participants to switch to B/F/TAF or DTG + F/TAF once daily for 48 weeks, each with matching placebo. The primary endpoint was proportion of participants with plasma HIV-1 RNA ≥50 copies/mL at week 48 (snapshot algorithm); the prespecified noninferiority margin was 4%.ResultsFive hundred sixty-seven adults were randomized; 565 were treated (284 B/F/TAF, 281 DTG + F/TAF). At week 48, B/F/TAF was noninferior to DTG + F/TAF, as 0.4% (1/284) vs 1.1% (3/281) had HIV-1 RNA ≥50 copies/mL (difference, -0.7% [95.001% confidence interval {CI}, -2.8% to 1.0%]). There were no significant differences in efficacy among participants with suspected or confirmed prior NRTI resistance (n = 138). No participant had treatment-emergent drug resistance. Median weight change from baseline at week 48 was +1.3 kg (B/F/TAF) vs +1.1 kg (DTG + F/TAF) (P = .46). Weight change differed by baseline NRTIs (+2.2 kg [F/TDF] and +0.6 kg [F/TAF], P < .001), with no differences between B/F/TAF and DTG + F/TAF.ConclusionsThe single-tablet regimen B/F/TAF is a safe, effective option for people virologically suppressed on DTG plus either F/TDF or F/TAF, including in individuals with preexisting resistance to NRTIs.Clinical trials registrationNCT03110380.

Project description:BackgroundDespite evidence shown of dolutegravir (DTG)-related neurotoxicity, which may be more common when combined with abacavir (ABC), its reversibility has not been explored in a clinical trial.MethodsWe conducted a randomized, multicenter, open-label, pilot trial to evaluate the reversibility of patient-reported neuropsychiatric symptoms, developed or worsened on DTG/ABC/lamivudine (DTG/ABC/3TC), in virologically suppressed patients switched to cobicistat-boosted-elvitegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir-alafenamide (EVG/COBI/FTC/TAF). Participants were randomized to immediate switch (baseline) or to defer switch (week 4), and then all completed 24 weeks of follow up on EVG/COBI/FTC/TAF. At each visit, participants completed Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scales and were interviewed about 11 neuropsychiatric symptoms potentially related with DTG through a questionnaire. At baseline and at the end of follow up, they also performed neurocognitive testing. Our primary objective was to compare changes in neuropsychiatric symptoms and PSQI and HAD scales between arms at week 4. Secondary objectives were to evaluate changes in neuropsychiatric symptoms and PSQI and HAD scales at weeks 4, 12, and 24 after switching to EVG/COBI/FTC/TAF and in neurocognitive performance and magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers at end of follow up.ResultsThirty-eight participants were included. Study arms were similar at baseline. At week 4, neuropsychiatric symptoms and PSQI and HAD scores remained unchanged in participants receiving DTG/ABC/3TC and improved significantly in participants receiving EVG/COBI/FTC/TAF. These significant improvements were also observed at weeks 4, 12, and 24 after all participants switched to EVG/COBI/FTC/TAF. In addition, global neurocognitive performance improved (NPZ-7) after switching to EVG/COBI/FTC/TAF.ConclusionsNeuropsychiatric symptoms in patients on DTG/ABC/3TC could resolve or improve after switching to EVG/COBI/FTC/TAF.

Dataset Information

Darunavir/Cobicistat/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide in a Rapid-Initiation Model of Care for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection: Primary Analysis of the DIAMOND Study.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Clinical trials registration

Publications

Darunavir/Cobicistat/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide in a Rapid-Initiation Model of Care for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection: Primary Analysis of the DIAMOND Study.

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