Dataset Information

Genetic variants related to physical activity or sedentary behaviour: a systematic review.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Research shows that part of the variation in physical activity and sedentary behaviour may be explained by genetic factors. Identifying genetic variants associated with physical activity and sedentary behaviour can improve causal inference in physical activity research. The aim of this systematic review was to provide an updated overview of the evidence of genetic variants associated with physical activity or sedentary behaviour.

Methods

We performed systematic literature searches in PubMed and Embase for studies published from 1990 to April 2020 using keywords relating to "physical activity", "exercise", "sedentariness" and "genetics". Physical activity phenotypes were either based on self-report (e.g., questionnaires, diaries) or objective measures (e.g., accelerometry, pedometer). We considered original studies aiming to i) identify new genetic variants associated with physical activity or sedentary behaviour (i.e., genome wide association studies [GWAS]), or ii) assess the association between known genetic variants and physical activity or sedentary behaviour (i.e., candidate gene studies). Study selection, data extraction, and critical appraisal were carried out by independent researchers, and risk of bias and methodological quality was assessed for all included studies.

Results

Fifty-four out of 5420 identified records met the inclusion criteria. Six of the included studies were GWAS, whereas 48 used a candidate gene approach. Only one GWAS and three candidate gene studies were considered high-quality. The six GWAS discovered up to 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with physical activity or sedentariness that reached genome-wide significance. In total, the candidate gene studies reported 30 different genes that were associated (p?ConclusionGWAS have reported up to 10 loci associated with physical activity or sedentary behaviour. Candidate gene studies have pointed to some interesting genetic variants, but few have been replicated. Our review highlights the need for high-quality GWAS in large population-based samples, and with objectively assessed phenotypes, in order to establish robust genetic instruments for physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Furthermore, consistent replications in GWAS are needed to improve credibility of genetic variants.

Trial registration

Prospero CRD42019119456 .

SUBMITTER: Aasdahl L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7821484 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Genetic variants related to physical activity or sedentary behaviour: a systematic review.

Aasdahl Lene L Nilsen Tom Ivar Lund TIL Meisingset Ingebrigt I Nordstoga Anne Lovise AL Evensen Kari Anne I KAI Paulsen Julie J Mork Paul Jarle PJ Skarpsno Eivind Schjelderup ES

The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity 20210122 1

<h4>Background</h4>Research shows that part of the variation in physical activity and sedentary behaviour may be explained by genetic factors. Identifying genetic variants associated with physical activity and sedentary behaviour can improve causal inference in physical activity research. The aim of this systematic review was to provide an updated overview of the evidence of genetic variants associated with physical activity or sedentary behaviour.<h4>Methods</h4>We performed systematic literatu ...[more]

PMID: 33482856

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Project description:BackgroundPhysical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB) and diet play an important role in the physical and mental health of young people. Understanding how these behaviours cluster, and the impact of clusters on health is important for the development of public health interventions. This review examines the prevalence of clusters of PA, sedentary time, and dietary behaviours, and how clusters relate to physical and mental health indicators among children, adolescents and young adults.MethodsElectronic (PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus) and manual searches were conducted for articles that were (i) observational studies including children, adolescents and/or young adults aged 5-24 years, (ii) examined the 'patterning', 'clustering', or 'co-existence' of each of PA, dietary behaviour and SB, and (iii) published in English up to and including July 2022. In addition to information on clustering, data on physical and mental health outcomes were extracted where reported. Included studies were assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias for observational studies. A narrative synthesis was conducted due to high heterogeneity. This review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021230976).ResultsForty-nine cross-sectional studies and four prospective cohort studies from eighteen countries reporting data from 778,415 individual participants were included. A broad range of clusters (n = 172) were found (healthy, unhealthy, and mixed). Mixed clusters were common (n = 98), and clusters of high diet quality, low PA and high SB were more prevalent in girls, while mixed clusters of high PA, high SB and low diet quality were more prevalent in boys. Unhealthy clusters comprising low moderate to vigorous PA, low consumption of fruits and vegetables, and high screen time were prevalent, particularly in those from lower socioeconomic status families. Compared to those with healthy behavioural clusters, those with unhealthy and mixed clusters had a higher adiposity, higher risk of cardiovascular disease, poorer mental health scores, and lower cardiorespiratory fitness.ConclusionsPA, SB and diet cluster in healthy, unhealthy and mixed patterns in young people that differ across sociodemographic characteristics. Unhealthy clusters are associated with poorer health outcomes. Intervention strategies targeting un-clustering multiple unhealthy behaviours should be developed and evaluated for their impact on health outcomes.

Project description:BACKGROUND:The number of deaths per year attributed to non-communicable diseases is increasing in low- and middle-income countries, including Thailand. To facilitate the development of evidence-based public health programs and policies in Thailand, research on physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) is needed. The aims of this scoping review were to: (i) map all available evidence on PA and SB in Thailand; (ii) identify research gaps; and (iii) suggest directions for future research. METHODS:A systematic literature search was conducted through 10 bibliographic databases. Additional articles were identified through secondary searches of reference lists, websites of relevant Thai health organisations, Google, and Google Scholar. Studies written in Thai or English were screened independently by two authors and included if they presented quantitative or qualitative data relevant to public health research on PA and/or SB. RESULTS:Out of 25,007 screened articles, a total of 564 studies were included in the review. Most studies included PA only (80%), 6.7% included SB only, and 13.3% included both PA and SB. The most common research focus was correlates (58.9%), followed by outcomes of PA/SB (22.2%), prevalence of PA/SB (12.4%), and instrument validation (3.2%). Most PA/SB research was cross-sectional (69.3%), while interventions (19.7%) and longitudinal studies (2.8%) were less represented. Most studies (94%) used self-reports of PA/SB, and few (2.5%) used device-based measures. Both sexes were examined in most studies (82.5%). Adults were the main target population group (51.1%), followed by older adults (26.9%), adolescents (15.7%), and children (6.3%). Clinical populations were investigated in the context of PA/SB in a relatively large number of studies (15.3%), most frequently those with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and hypertension (22%, 21%, and 21% respectively). CONCLUSIONS:The number of Thai papers on PA published per year has been increasing, indicating a growing interest in this research area. More studies using population-representative samples are needed, particularly among children and adolescents, and investigating SB as a health risk factor. To provide stronger evidence on determinants and outcomes of PA/SB, longitudinal studies using standardised measures of PA and SB are required.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Given the importance of knowing the potential impediments and enablers for physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) in a specific population, the aim of this study was to systematically review and summarise evidence on individual, social, environmental, and policy correlates of PA and SB in the Thai population. METHODS:A systematic review of articles written in Thai and English was conducted. Studies that reported at least one correlate for PA and/or SB in a healthy Thai population were selected independently by two authors. Data on 21 variables were extracted. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. RESULTS:A total of 25,007 records were screened and 167 studies were included. The studies reported associations with PA for a total of 261 variables, mostly for adults and older adults. For most of the variables, evidence was available from a limited number of studies. Consistent evidence was found for individual-level and social correlates of PA in children/adolescents and adults and for individual-level correlates of PA in older adults. Self-efficacy and perceived barriers were consistently associated with PA in all age groups. Other consistently identified individual-level correlates in adults and older adults included self-rated general health, mental health, perceived benefits, and attitudes towards PA. Consistent evidence was also found for social correlates of PA in adults, including social support, interpersonal influences, parent/family influences, and information support. The influence of friendship/companionship was identified as a correlate of PA only in children/adolescents. A limited number of studies examined SB correlates, especially in older adults. The studies reported associations with SB for a total of 41 variables. Consistent evidence of association with SB was only found for obesity in adults. Some evidence suggests that male adults engage more in SB than females. CONCLUSIONS:More Thai studies are needed on (i) PA correlates, particularly among children/adolescents, and that focus on environment- and policy-related factors and (ii) SB correlates, particularly among older adults. Researchers are also encouraged to conduct longitudinal studies to provide evidence on prospective and causal relationships, and subject to feasibility, use device-based measures of PA and SB.

Project description:BackgroundMany of the world's population, across all age groups and abilities, are not meeting or even aware of internationally recommended physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) guidelines. In order to enhance awareness and uptake, guidelines should be perceived positively by targeted users. The purpose of this study was to review the literature on end-user and stakeholder perceptions of PA and SB guidelines.MethodsThe electronic databases APA PsycInfo, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and SPORTDiscus, using EBSCOhost Research Platform, and Web of Science were searched from inception to June, 2021 with keyword synonyms for "perceptions", "PA guidelines", and "SB guidelines". Studies of any design that collected stakeholder and/or end-user responses to a PA and/or SB guideline were included and assessed for risk of bias. The PA and/or SB guideline could be any type of official form (e.g., national documents, organizational guidelines, expert consensus statements, etc.) from any country, that targets individuals at the regional, provincial/statewide, national, or international level, and includes all types of guidelines (e.g., strength, aerobic, clinical, nonclinical, screen-time, sitting, etc.). Data were extracted and analyzed using thematic synthesis.ResultsAfter screening 1399 abstracts and applying citation screening, 304 full-texts were retrieved. A total of 31 articles met the inclusion criteria. End-users and stakeholders for PA guidelines across all age groups expressed the need for simplified language with more definitions, relatable examples and imagery, and quantification of PA behaviours. There was concern for the early years and child PA guidelines leading to guilt amongst parents and the SB guidelines, particularly the recommendations to limit screen-time, being unrealistic. General age group PA guidelines were not perceived as usable to populations with differing abilities, clinical conditions, and socioeconomic status. Guidelines that targeted clinical populations, such as persons with multiple sclerosis and persons with spinal cord injury, were well received.ConclusionsThere is a clear need to balance the evidence base with the pragmatic needs of translation and uptake so that the guidelines are not ignored or act as a barrier to actual engagement.

Project description:BackgroundSmartphone apps are increasingly used to deliver physical activity and sedentary behaviour interventions for people with cardiovascular disease. However, the active components of these interventions which aim to change behaviours are unclear.AimsTo identify behaviour change techniques used in smartphone app interventions for improving physical activity and sedentary behaviour in people with cardiovascular disease. Secondly, to investigate the association of the identified techniques on improving these behaviours.MethodsSix databases (Medline, CINAHL Plus, Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, Sports Discus, EMBASE) were searched from 2007 to October 2020. Eligible studies used a smartphone app intervention for people with cardiovascular disease and reported a physical activity and/or sedentary behaviour outcome. The behaviour change techniques used within the apps for physical activity and/or sedentary behaviour were coded using the Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy (v1). The association of behaviour change techniques on physical activity outcomes were explored through meta-regression.ResultsForty behaviour change techniques were identified across the 19 included app-based interventions. Only two studies reported the behaviour change techniques used to target sedentary behaviour change. The most frequently used techniques for sedentary behaviour and physical activity were habit reversal and self-monitoring of behaviour respectively. In univariable analyses, action planning (β =0.42, 90%CrI 0.07-0.78) and graded tasks (β =0.33, 90%CrI -0.04-0.67) each had medium positive associations with increasing physical activity. Participants in interventions that used either self-monitoring outcome(s) of behaviour (i.e. outcomes other than physical activity) (β = - 0.47, 90%CrI -0.79--0.16), biofeedback (β = - 0.47, 90%CrI -0.81--0.15) and information about health consequences (β = - 0.42, 90%CrI -0.74--0.07) as behaviour change techniques, appeared to do less physical activity. In the multivariable model, these predictors were not clearly removed from zero.ConclusionThe behaviour change techniques action planning and graded tasks are good candidates for causal testing in future experimental smartphone app designs.

Dataset Information

Genetic variants related to physical activity or sedentary behaviour: a systematic review.

Background

Methods

Results

Trial registration

Publications

Genetic variants related to physical activity or sedentary behaviour: a systematic review.

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