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Global Distribution of the Reniform Nematode Genus Rotylenchulus with the Synonymy of Rotylenchulus macrosoma with Rotylenchulus borealis.

ABSTRACT: Reniform nematodes of the genus Rotylenchulus are semi-endoparasites of numerous herbaceous and woody plant roots that occur largely in regions with temperate, subtropical, and tropical climates. In this study, we compared 12 populations of Rotylenchulusborealis and 16 populations of Rotylenchulusmacrosoma, including paratypes deposited in nematode collections, confirming that morphological characters between both nematode species do not support their separation. In addition, analysis of molecular markers using nuclear ribosomal DNA (28S, ITS1) and mitochondrial DNA (coxI) genes, as well as phylogenetic approaches, confirmed the synonymy of R. macrosoma with R. borealis. This study also demonstrated that R. borealis (= macrosoma) from Israel has two distinct rRNA gene types in the genome, specifically the two types of D2-D3 (A and B). We provide a global geographical distribution of the genus Rotylenchulus. The two major pathogenic species (Rotylenchulusreniformis and Rotylenchulusparvus) showed their close relationship with warmer areas with high annual mean temperature, maximum temperature of the warmest month, and minimum temperature of the coldest month. The present study confirms the extraordinary morphological and molecular diversity of R. borealis in Europe, Africa, and the Middle East and comprises a paradigmatic example of remarkable flexibility of ecological requirements within reniform nematodes.

SUBMITTER: Palomares-Rius JE

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7822487 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Global Distribution of the Reniform Nematode Genus Rotylenchulus with the Synonymy of Rotylenchulus macrosoma with Rotylenchulus borealis.

Palomares-Rius Juan E JE Clavero-Camacho Ilenia I Archidona-Yuste Antonio A Cantalapiedra-Navarrete Carolina C León-Ropero Guillermo G Braun Miyara Sigal S Karssen Gerrit G Castillo Pablo P

Plants (Basel, Switzerland) 20201223 1

Reniform nematodes of the genus Rotylenchulus are semi-endoparasites of numerous herbaceous and woody plant roots that occur largely in regions with temperate, subtropical, and tropical climates. In this study, we compared 12 populations of Rotylenchulusborealis and 16 populations of Rotylenchulusmacrosoma, including paratypes deposited in nematode collections, confirming that morphological characters between both nematode species do not support their separatio ...[more]

PMID: 33374728

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Project description:BackgroundReniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis) has emerged as one of the most destructive root pathogens of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) in the United States. Management of R. reniformis has been hindered by the lack of resistant G. hirsutum cultivars; however, resistance has been frequently identified in germplasm accessions from the G. arboreum collection. To determine the genetic basis of reniform nematode resistance, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed using 246 G. arboreum germplasm accessions that were genotyped with 7220 single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) sequence markers generated from genotyping-by-sequencing.ResultsFifteen SNPs representing 12 genomic loci distributed over eight chromosomes showed association with reniform nematode resistance. For 14 SNPs, major alleles were shown to be associated with resistance. From the 15 significantly associated SNPs, 146 genes containing or physically close to these loci were identified as putative reniform nematode resistance candidate genes. These genes are involved in a broad range of biological pathways, including plant innate immunity, transcriptional regulation, and redox reaction that may have a role in the expression of resistance. Eighteen of these genes corresponded to differentially expressed genes identified from G. hirsutum in response to reniform nematode infection.ConclusionsThe identification of multiple genomic loci associated with reniform nematode resistance would indicate that the G. arboreum collection is a significant resource of novel resistance genes. The significantly associated markers identified from this GWAS can be used for the development of molecular tools for breeding improved reniform nematode resistant upland cotton with resistance introgressed from G. arboreum. Additionally, a greater understanding of the molecular mechanisms of reniform nematode resistance can be determined through genetic structure and functional analyses of candidate genes, which will aid in the pyramiding of multiple resistance genes.

Dataset Information

Global Distribution of the Reniform Nematode Genus Rotylenchulus with the Synonymy of Rotylenchulus macrosoma with Rotylenchulus borealis.

Publications

Global Distribution of the Reniform Nematode Genus <i>Rotylenchulus</i> with the Synonymy of <i>Rotylenchulus</i> <i>macrosoma</i> with <i>Rotylenchulus</i> <i>borealis</i>.

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