Later Meal and Sleep Timing Predicts Higher Percent Body Fat.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Thomas EA
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7823810 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Dec
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Later Meal and Sleep Timing Predicts Higher Percent Body Fat.
Thomas Elizabeth A EA Zaman Adnin A Cornier Marc-Andre MA Catenacci Victoria A VA Tussey Emma J EJ Grau Laura L Arbet Jaron J Broussard Josiane L JL Rynders Corey A CA
Nutrients 20201229 1
Accumulating evidence suggests that later timing of energy intake (EI) is associated with increased risk of obesity. In this study, 83 individuals with overweight and obesity underwent assessment of a 7-day period of data collection, including measures of body weight and body composition (DXA) and 24-h measures of EI (photographic food records), sleep (actigraphy), and physical activity (PA, activity monitors) for 7 days. Relationships between body mass index (BMI) and percent body fat (DXA) wit ...[more]
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Project description:Background: Weight gain and obesity have reached alarming levels. Eating at a later clock hour is a newly described risk factor for adverse metabolic health; yet, how eating at a later circadian time influences body composition is unknown. Using clock hour to document eating times may be misleading owing to individual differences in circadian timing relative to clock hour.Objective: This study examined the relations between the timing of food consumption relative to clock hour and endogenous circadian time, content of food intake, and body composition.Design: We enrolled 110 participants, aged 18-22 y, in a 30-d cross-sectional study to document sleep and circadian behaviors within their regular daily routines. We used a time-stamped-picture mobile phone application to record all food intake across 7 consecutive days during a participant's regular daily routines and assessed their body composition and timing of melatonin release during an in-laboratory assessment.Results: Nonlean individuals (high body fat) consumed most of their calories 1.1 h closer to melatonin onset, which heralds the beginning of the biological night, than did lean individuals (low body fat) (log-rank P = 0.009). In contrast, there were no differences between lean and nonlean individuals in the clock hour of food consumption (P = 0.72). Multiple regression analysis showed that the timing of food intake relative to melatonin onset was significantly associated with the percentage of body fat and body mass index (both P < 0.05) while controlling for sex, whereas no relations were found between the clock hour of food intake, caloric amount, meal macronutrient composition, activity or exercise level, or sleep duration and either of these body composition measures (all P > 0.72).Conclusions: These results provide evidence that the consumption of food during the circadian evening and/or night, independent of more traditional risk factors such as amount or content of food intake and activity level, plays an important role in body composition. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02846077.
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Project description:Objectives and backgroundSocial demands of the school-year and summer environment may affect children's sleep patterns and circadian rhythms during these periods. The current study examined differences in children's sleep and circadian-related behaviors during the school-year and summer and explored the association between sleep and circadian parameters and change in body mass index (BMI) during these time periods.MethodsThis was a prospective observational study with 119 children ages 5 to 8 years with three sequential BMI assessments: early school-year (fall), late school-year (spring), and beginning of the following school-year in Houston, Texas, USA. Sleep midpoint, sleep duration, variability of sleep midpoint, physical activity, and light exposure were estimated using wrist-worn accelerometry during the school-year (fall) and summer. To examine the effect of sleep parameters, physical activity level, and light exposure on change in BMI, growth curve modeling was conducted controlling for age, race, sex, and chronotype.ResultsChildren's sleep midpoint shifted later by an average of 1.5 h during summer compared to the school-year. After controlling for covariates, later sleep midpoints predicted larger increases in BMI during summer, (γ = .0004, p = .03), but not during the school-year. Sleep duration, sleep midpoint variability, physical activity levels, and sedentary behavior were not associated with change in BMI during the school-year or summer. Females tended to increase their BMI at a faster rate during summer compared to males, γ = .06, p = .049. Greater amounts of outdoor light exposure (γ = -.01, p = .02) predicted smaller increases in school-year BMI.ConclusionsObesity prevention interventions may need to target different behaviors depending on whether children are in or out of school. Promotion of outdoor time during the school-year and earlier sleep times during the summer may be effective obesity prevention strategies during these respective times.
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Project description:Maternal pregnancy nutrition influences fetal growth. Evidence is limited, however, on the relationship of maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation on infant postnatal growth and adiposity. Our purpose was to examine associations between maternal diet quality during pregnancy and lactation with offspring growth and body composition from birth to six months. Maternal diet quality was serially assessed in pregnancy and at one and three months postpartum, using the Healthy Eating Index⁻2015 in a cohort of 354 fully breastfeeding mother⁻infant dyads. Infant length-for-age (LAZ), weight-for-age (WAZ), and weight-for-length (WLZ) Z-scores were assessed at birth, one, three, and six months. Infant body fat percent (BF%), fat mass (FM), and fat-free mass (FFM) were measured at six months using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Higher maternal diet quality from pregnancy through three months postpartum was associated with lower infant WLZ from birth to six months (p = 0.02) and BF% at six months (p ≤ 0.05). Higher maternal diet quality at one and three months postpartum was also associated with lower infant FM at six months (p < 0.01). In summary, maternal diet quality during pregnancy and lactation was inversely associated with infant relative weight and adiposity in early postnatal life. Additional research is needed to explore whether associations persist across the life course.
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Project description:BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:Although numerous equations to predict percent body fat have been published, few have broad generalizability. The objective of this study was to develop sets of equations that are generalizable to the American population 8 years of age and older. SUBJECTS/METHODS:Dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) assessed percent body fat from the 1999-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was used as the response variable for development of 14 equations for each gender that included between 2 and 10 anthropometrics. Other candidate variables included demographics and menses. Models were developed using the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LAASO) and validated in a ¼ withheld sample randomly selected from 11?884 males or 9215 females. RESULTS:In the final models, R(2) ranged from 0.664 to 0.845 in males and from 0.748 to 0.809 in females. R(2) was not notably improved by development of equations within, rather than across, age and ethnic groups. Systematic over or under estimation of percent body fat by age and ethnic groups was within 1 percentage point. Seven of the fourteen gender-specific models had R(2) values above 0.80 in males and 0.795 in females and exhibited low bias by age, race/ethnicity and body mass index (BMI). CONCLUSIONS:To our knowledge, these are the first equations that have been shown to be valid and unbiased in both youth and adults in estimating DXA assessed body fat. The equations developed here are appropriate for use in multiple ethnic groups, are generalizable to the US population and provide a useful method for assessment of percent body fat in settings where methods such as DXA are not feasible.
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Project description:BackgroundAlthough high body mass index (BMI) is a risk factor of heart failure (HF), HF patients with a higher BMI had a lower mortality rate than that in HF patients with normal or lower BMI, a phenomenon that has been termed the "obesity paradox". However, the relationship between body composition, i.e., fat or muscle mass, and clinical outcome in HF remains unclear.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed data for 198 consecutive HF patients (76?years of age; males, 49%). Patients who were admitted to our institute for diagnosis and management of HF and received a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan were included regardless of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) categories. Muscle wasting was defined as appendicular skeletal muscle mass index <?7.0?kg/m2 in males and?<?5.4?kg/m2 in females. Increased percent body fat mass (increased FM) was defined as percent body fat >?25% in males and?>?30% in females.ResultsThe median age of the patients was 76?years (interquartile range [IQR], 67-82?years) and 49% of them were male. The median LVEF was 47% (IQR, 33-63%) and 33% of the patients had heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Increased FM and muscle wasting were observed in 58 and 67% of the enrolled patients, respectively. During a 180-day follow-up period, 32 patients (16%) had cardiac events defined as cardiac death or readmission by worsening HF or arrhythmia. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that patients with increased FM had a lower cardiac event rate than did patients without increased FM (11.4% vs. 22.6%, p?=?0.03). Kaplan-Meier curves of cardiac event rates did not differ between patients with and those without muscle wasting (16.5% vs. 15.4%, p?=?0.93). In multivariate Cox regression analyses, increased FM was independently associated with lower cardiac event rates (hazard ratio: 0.45, 95% confidence interval: 0.22-0.93) after adjustment for age, sex, diabetes, muscle wasting, and renal function.ConclusionsHigh percent body fat mass is associated with lower risk of short-term cardiac events in HF patients.
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Project description:In Mexico, the increase in childhood obesity is alarming. Thus, improving the precision of its diagnosis is expected to impact on disease prevention. We estimated obesity prevalence by bioimpedance-based percent body fat (%BF) and body mass index (BMI) in 1061 girls and 1121 boys, from 3 to 17 years old. Multiple regressions and area under receiver operating curves (AUC) were used to determine the predictive value of BMI on %BF and percentile curves were constructed. Overall obesity prevalence estimated by %BF was 43.7%, and by BMI it was 20.1%; it means that the diagnosis by BMI underestimated around 50% of children diagnosed with obesity by %BF (≥30% for girls, ≥25% for boys). The fat mass excess is further underestimated in boys than in girls when using the standard BMI classification. The relationship between %BF and BMI was strong in school children and adolescents (all cases R2>0.70), but not in preschool children (girls R2 = 0.57, boys R2 = 0.23). AUCs showed greater discriminative power of BMI to detect %BF obesity in school children and adolescents (all cases AUC≥0.90) than in preschool children (girls AUC = 0.86; boys AUC = 0.70). Growth percentile charts showed that girls aged 9-17 years and boys aged 8-17 years presented fat excess from the 50th percentile and above. We suggested to change the BMI cut-off for them, considering values at the 75th percentile as overweight, and values at the 85th percentile as obesity, as previously recommended for Mexican children. Improving obesity diagnosis will allow greater efficiency when searching for comorbidities in clinical practice.
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Project description:Abstract Objectives To examine the association between meal habits (i.e., eating breakfast every day, usually ≥80% fullness at breakfast, and not eating snacks at night), body composition and the subsequent changes in mood status in young adults. Methods This is a longitudinal follow-up study based on a randomized trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03828812). Young adults were recruited based in a university campus in Taipei City, Taiwan. In total, 125 participants were recruited and 103 completed the follow-ups. Measured body composition (TANITA BC-418) and moods (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, DASS) were assessed at baseline, the third month and 15th month from baseline. Baseline meal habits were based on the participants’ recall of their diets in the month before interview. We used mixed-effect model to test the association of baseline total body fat percentage and trunk body fat percentage and moods during follow-ups, adjusting for age, sex, baseline body mass index (BMI), food security status. Results After controlling for sex, age, BMI, and food security status at baseline, having breakfast every day at baseline was associated with 2.04 (se = 0.78, P = 0.0098) lower anxiety score and with 2.58 (se = 1.26, P = 0.0409) lower stress score at baseline. Meal habits were not associated with the subsequent changes in mood status. As for body composition, one % of trunk body fat replacing one % of non-trunk body fat at baseline was associated with 1.19 (se = 0.57, P = 0.0381) higher depression score, 1.02 (se = 0.47, P = 0.0327) higher anxiety score, 2.06 (se = 0.76, P = 0.0075) higher anxiety score at baseline. One % of non-trunk body fat percentage was associated with 2.60 (se = 1.02, P = 0.0116) lower anxiety score, as trunk body fat % is controlled. Baseline body fat composition parameters were not associated with the temporal changes in mood scores. The significance patterns were similar after adjusting for baseline physical activity level, assessed by International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Conclusions Breakfast habits and body composition, especially trunk body fat, was associated with university-based young adults’ emotional health status. Funding Sources Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan.
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