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Urinary Volatile Organic Compound Analysis for the Diagnosis of Cancer: A Systematic Literature Review and Quality Assessment.

ABSTRACT: The analysis of urinary volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is a promising field of research with the potential to discover new biomarkers for cancer early detection. This systematic review aims to summarise the published literature concerning cancer-associated urinary VOCs. A systematic online literature search was conducted to identify studies reporting urinary VOC biomarkers of cancers in accordance with the recommendations of the Cochrane Library and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines. Thirteen studies comprising 1266 participants in total were included in the review. Studies reported urinary VOC profiles of five cancer subtypes: prostate cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, leukaemia/lymphoma, lung cancer, and bladder cancer. Forty-eight urinary VOCs belonging to eleven chemical classes were identified with high diagnostic performance. VOC profiles were distinctive for each cancer type with limited cross-over. The metabolic analysis suggested distinctive phenotypes for prostate and gastrointestinal cancers. The heterogenicity of study design, methodological and reporting quality may have contributed to inconsistencies between studies. Urinary VOC analysis has shown promising performance for non-invasive diagnosis of cancer. However, limitations in study design have resulted in inconsistencies between studies. These limitations are summarised and discussed in order to support future studies.

SUBMITTER: Wen Q

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7824454 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Urinary Volatile Organic Compound Analysis for the Diagnosis of Cancer: A Systematic Literature Review and Quality Assessment.

Wen Qing Q Boshier Piers P Myridakis Antonis A Belluomo Ilaria I Hanna George B GB

Metabolites 20201229 1

The analysis of urinary volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is a promising field of research with the potential to discover new biomarkers for cancer early detection. This systematic review aims to summarise the published literature concerning cancer-associated urinary VOCs. A systematic online literature search was conducted to identify studies reporting urinary VOC biomarkers of cancers in accordance with the recommendations of the Cochrane Library and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in E ...[more]

PMID: 33383923

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Project description:ImportanceThe detection and quantification of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) within exhaled breath have evolved gradually for the diagnosis of cancer. The overall diagnostic accuracy of proposed tests remains unknown.ObjectivesTo determine the diagnostic accuracy of VOC breath tests for the detection of cancer and to review sources of methodologic variability.Data sourcesAn electronic search (title and abstract) was performed using the Embase and MEDLINE databases (January 1, 2000, to May 28, 2017) through the OVID platform. The search terms cancer, neoplasm, malignancy, volatile organic compound, VOC, breath, and exhaled were used in combination with the Boolean operators AND and OR. A separate MEDLINE search that used the search terms breath AND methodology was also performed for studies that reported factors that influenced the concentration of VOCs within exhaled breath in humans.Study selectionThe search was limited to human studies published in the English language. Trials that analyzed named endogenous VOCs within exhaled breath to diagnose or assess cancer were included in this review.Data extraction and synthesisSystematic review and pooled analysis were conducted in accordance with the recommendations of the Cochrane Library and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. Bivariate meta-analyses were performed to generate pooled point estimates of the hierarchal summary receiver operating characteristic curve of breath VOC analysis. Included studies were assessed according to the Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies checklist and Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 tool.Main outcomes and measuresThe principal outcome measure was pooled diagnostic accuracy of published VOC breath tests for cancer.ResultsThe review identified 63 relevant publications and 3554 patients. All reports constituted phase 1 biomarker studies. Pooled analysis of findings found a mean (SE) area under the receiver operating characteristic analysis curve of 0.94 (0.01), sensitivity of 79% (95% CI, 77%-81%), and specificity of 89% (95% CI, 88%-90%). Factors that may influence variability in test results included breath collection method, patient physiologic condition, test environment, and method of analysis.Conclusions and relevanceThe findings of our review suggest that standardization of breath collection methods and masked validation of breath test accuracy for cancer diagnosis is needed among the intended population in multicenter clinical trials. We propose a framework to guide the conduct of future breath tests in cancer studies.

Dataset Information

Urinary Volatile Organic Compound Analysis for the Diagnosis of Cancer: A Systematic Literature Review and Quality Assessment.

Publications

Urinary Volatile Organic Compound Analysis for the Diagnosis of Cancer: A Systematic Literature Review and Quality Assessment.

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