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Advances in immunotherapy for COVID-19: A comprehensive review.

ABSTRACT: COVID-19 is an acute respiratory syndrome caused by SARS-COV-2 which has now become a huge pandemic worldwide. The immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 has been established that increased serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and reduction of the CD4+ and the CD8+ T lymphocyte populations, are the most reported immunological findings in these patients. High levels of other inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as IL-2 and IL-8 with an increased number of neutrophils and eosinophils may induce immune abnormalities in patients with COVID-19. There is growing evidence to obtain a deeper understanding of the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 which will lay the foundation for the development of new potential therapies. However, specific and non-specific immunotherapies such as convalescent plasma (CP) are widely performed to treat patients with severe COVID-19, there is no definitive evidence to suggest the effectiveness of these treatments. Hence, this review aimed to highlight the current and most recent studies to identify the new immunotherapeutics for COVID-19 disease.

SUBMITTER: Masoomikarimi M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7826020 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Advances in immunotherapy for COVID-19: A comprehensive review.

Masoomikarimi Masoomeh M Garmabi Behzad B Alizadeh Javad J Kazemi Erfan E Azari Jafari Amirhossein A Mirmoeeni Seyyedmohammadsadeq S Dargahi Motahareh M Taheri Niloofar N Jafari Reza R

International immunopharmacology 20210122

COVID-19 is an acute respiratory syndrome caused by SARS-COV-2 which has now become a huge pandemic worldwide. The immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 has been established that increased serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and reduction of the CD4+ and the CD8+ T lymphocyte populations, are the most reported immunological findings in these patients. High levels of other inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as IL-2 and IL-8 with an increased number of neutrophils and ...[more]

PMID: 33581501

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Project description:Gastric cancer (GC) is the sixth most common cancer and third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Current treatments mainly rely on surgery- and chemotherapy-based systemic; however, the prognosis remains poor for advanced disease. Recent studies have suggested that immunotherapy has significant potential in cancer therapy; thus, GC immunotherapy may improve quality of life and survival for patients with this disease. To provide a comprehensive overview of the knowledge structure and research hotspots of GC immunotherapy. We conducted a bibliometric analysis of publications on immunotherapy related to GC in the Web of Science Core Collection database. We analyzed 2013 pub-lications from 1999 to February 1, 2023, using the VOSviewer and CiteSpace software. We assessed publication and citation distributions using the WoS platform and explored research countries, institutions, journals, authors, references, and keywords (co-occurrence, timeline view, and burst analysis). In addition, we examined 228 trials on immunotherapy, 137 on adoptive cell therapy, 274 on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), and 23 on vaccines from ClinicalTrials.gov and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. The Impact Index Per Article for the top ten high-cited papers collected from Reference Citation Analysis (RCA) are presented. Our bibliometric analysis revealed that the study of immunotherapy in GC has developed rapidly in recent years. China accounted for almost half the publications, followed by the United States. The number of publications in recent years has been growing continuously, and most institutions and authors with the most publications are from China. The main keywords or clusters identified were "tumor microenvironment", "adoptive immunotherapy", "dendritic therapy", and "microsatellite instability". Our analysis of 2013 publications indicated that immunotherapy for GC has led to several new developments in recent years. Considerable progress has been made in vaccinations, immune checkpoint therapy, and adoptive cellular therapy. In particular, ICIs and chimeric antigen receptor T-cells are novel options for the treatment of GC. We suggest that the combination of ICIs, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and other immunotherapies should be the primary research direction in the future.

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Advances in immunotherapy for COVID-19: A comprehensive review.

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Advances in immunotherapy for COVID-19: A comprehensive review.

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