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Bisphenol A and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of Epidemiologic, Functional, and Early Life Factors.

ABSTRACT: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterised by insulin resistance and eventual pancreatic ?-cell dysfunction, resulting in persistent high blood glucose levels. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) such as bisphenol A (BPA) are currently under scrutiny as they are implicated in the development of metabolic diseases, including T2DM. BPA is a pervasive EDC, being the main constituent of polycarbonate plastics. It can enter the human body by ingestion, through the skin, and cross from mother to offspring via the placenta or breast milk. BPA is a xenoestrogen that alters various aspects of beta cell metabolism via the modulation of oestrogen receptor signalling. In vivo and in vitro models reveal that varying concentrations of BPA disrupt glucose homeostasis and pancreatic ?-cell function by altering gene expression and mitochondrial morphology. BPA also plays a role in the development of insulin resistance and has been linked to long-term adverse metabolic effects following foetal and perinatal exposure. Several epidemiological studies reveal a significant association between BPA and the development of insulin resistance and impaired glucose homeostasis, although conflicting findings driven by multiple confounding factors have been reported. In this review, the main findings of epidemiological and functional studies are summarised and compared, and their respective strengths and limitations are discussed. Further research is essential for understanding the exact mechanism of BPA action in various tissues and the extent of its effects on humans at environmentally relevant doses.

SUBMITTER: Farrugia F

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7830729 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Bisphenol A and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of Epidemiologic, Functional, and Early Life Factors.

Farrugia Francesca F Aquilina Alexia A Vassallo Josanne J Pace Nikolai Paul NP

International journal of environmental research and public health 20210115 2

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterised by insulin resistance and eventual pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, resulting in persistent high blood glucose levels. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) such as bisphenol A (BPA) are currently under scrutiny as they are implicated in the development of metabolic diseases, including T2DM. BPA is a pervasive EDC, being the main constituent of polycarbonate plastics. It can enter the human body by ingestion, through the skin, and cross from mother ...[more]

PMID: 33467592

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Project description:BackgroundThe burden of diabetes in Lebanon requires well-targeted interventions for screening type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and prediabetes and prevention of risk factors. Newly recruited 998 Lebanese individuals, in addition to 7,292 already available, were studied to investigate the prevalence of diabetes, prediabetes and their associated risk factors.MethodsParticipants had fasting blood sugar and glycohemoglobin tests in addition to a lipid profile. Clinical and demographic information were obtained from a detailed questionnaire. The relationship between T2DM, its risk factors, and its complications were tested. Comparisons of these risk factors among diabetics, healthy, and coronary artery disease (CAD) patients were performed.ResultsThe prevalence of T2DM significantly increased with increasing BMI (p < 0.0001). Exercise activity level negatively correlated with the disease (p = 0.002), whereas the prevalence of T2DM (p < 0.0001) and CAD family history (p = 0.006) positively correlated with the affection status. The mean levels of triglycerides and LDL-C were significantly higher in diabetics (1.87; 1.35) compared to individuals with prediabetes (1.63; 1.26) and unaffected controls (1.49; 1.19). People with T2DM showed a significant decrease in HDL-C levels. A strong correlation of overall hyperlipidemia with the diabetes affection status was shown (p < 0.0001). Other comorbid factors such as hypertension (p < 0.0001) and self-reported obesity (p < 0.0001) were highly associated with T2DM and prediabetes. Reproductive health of women showed a strong correlation between giving birth to a baby with a high weight and the occurrence of T2DM and prediabetes later in life (p < 0.0001). Retinopathy and peripheral neuropathy were significantly correlated with diabetes and prediabetes (p < 0.0001).ConclusionsThe present study shows an alarming prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in the studied subgroups representative of the Lebanese population.

Project description:BackgroundAssessing the health-related quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is important for evaluation of treatment outcome. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the health-related quality of life in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and its related factors in Yazd.MethodsData were gathered by using the EuroQoL-five-dimension-5 level instrument as well as using medical records of 734 outpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were referred to the largest governmental diabetes center in South of Iran, Yazd province. When appropriate, the Kruskal-Wallis test or the Wilcoxon test was used to test the difference in the health-related quality-of-life scores in each factor. Finally, the adjusted limited dependent variable mixture model was developed to investigate factors associated with health-related quality-of-life scores.ResultsThe mean and median of the EuroQoL-five-dimension-5 level index values of 717 patients who completed the questionnaires were 0.75 ± 0.006 and 0.72 ± 0.20, respectively, and those of the Visual Analogue Scale scores were 69.25 ± 0.63 and 75 ± 30, respectively. The mean scores for health-related quality of life were significantly higher for employed, educated, single, and male patients, as well as patients without comorbidities, diabetes-related complications, and hemoglobin A1c level >7%. Adjusted limited dependent variable mixture model showed that gender, age, marital status, and diabetes-related complications are significant independent predictors of EuroQoL-five-dimension-5 level index value.ConclusionThe mean scores for health-related quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were moderate in this study, and this finding is consistent with health-related quality-of-life scores reported in other studies conducted in the Middle East region. Therefore, health-related quality of life should be the most important consideration in the management of patients. In parallel, some factors, especially gender, should be considered to improve health-related quality of life.

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Bisphenol A and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of Epidemiologic, Functional, and Early Life Factors.

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Bisphenol A and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of Epidemiologic, Functional, and Early Life Factors.

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