Dataset Information

Can a COVID-19 vaccine live up to Americans' expectations? A conjoint analysis of how vaccine characteristics influence vaccination intentions.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

A vaccine for the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) could prove critical in establishing herd immunity. While past work has documented the prevalence and correlates of vaccine refusal, I assess how a less explored topic -- properties of vaccines themselves (e.g., national origin, efficacy, risk of side effects) -- might influence vaccination intentions. This information can help public health officials preempt differential intentions to vaccinate, and inform health communication campaigns that encourage vaccine uptake.

Rationale

Previous research suggests that Americans should be more likely to intend to vaccinate if presented with a US-made vaccine that carries a low risk of minor side effects, is highly effective, is administered in just one dose, and has spent significant time in development.

Methods

I administered a conjoint experiment (N = 5940 trials) in a demographically representative survey (N = 990) of US adults to assess how variation in vaccine properties influence self-reported public vaccination intentions.

Results

I find that respondents prefer vaccines that are US-made, over 90% effective, and carry a less than 1% risk of minor side effects. This is potentially problematic, as some leading vaccine candidates are produced outside the US, and/or may be more likely to produce minor side effects than respondents would otherwise prefer. Worryingly, intended vaccine refusal rates exceed 30% for a vaccine meeting these optimal characteristics. Encouragingly, though, Americans show no clear preference for vaccines administered in one dose, or developed in under a year, and do not appear to draw a distinction between weakened viral vs. mRNA-based vaccines.

Conclusion

Americans' preferences for a novel coronavirus vaccine may be at odds with the vaccine that ultimately hits the market, posing both policy and health communication challenges for vaccination uptake.

SUBMITTER: Motta M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7832269 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Can a COVID-19 vaccine live up to Americans' expectations? A conjoint analysis of how vaccine characteristics influence vaccination intentions.

Motta Matt M

Social science & medicine (1982) 20210104

<h4>Objective</h4>A vaccine for the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) could prove critical in establishing herd immunity. While past work has documented the prevalence and correlates of vaccine refusal, I assess how a less explored topic -- properties of vaccines themselves (e.g., national origin, efficacy, risk of side effects) -- might influence vaccination intentions. This information can help public health officials preempt differential intentions to vaccinate, and inform health communication cam ...[more]

PMID: 33414031

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Project description:ImportanceSome studies have reported negative effects of prior-season influenza vaccination. Prior-season influenza vaccination effects on vaccine effectiveness (VE) in children are not well understood.ObjectiveTo assess the association of prior-season influenza vaccination with subsequent VE in children aged 2 to 17 years.Design, setting, and participantsThis multiseason, test-negative case-control study was conducted in outpatient clinics at 4 US sites among children aged 2 to 17 years with a medically attended febrile acute respiratory illness. Participants were recruited during the 2013-2014, 2014-2015, and 2015-2016 seasons when influenza circulated locally. Cases were children with influenza confirmed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Test-negative control individuals were children with negative test results for influenza.ExposuresVaccination history, including influenza vaccine type received in the enrollment season (live attenuated influenza vaccine [LAIV], inactivated influenza vaccine [IIV], or no vaccine) and season before enrollment (LAIV, IIV, or no vaccine), determined from medical records and immunization registries.Main outcomes and measuresLAIV and IIV effectiveness by influenza type and subtype (influenza A[H1N1]pdm09, influenza A[H3N2], or influenza B), estimated as 100 × (1 - odds ratio) in a logistic regression model with adjustment for potential confounders. Prior season vaccination associations were assessed with an interaction term.ResultsOf 3369 children (1749 [52%] male; median age, 6.6 years [range, 2-17 years]) included in the analysis, 772 (23%) had a positive test result for influenza and 1674 (50%) were vaccinated in the enrollment season. Among LAIV recipients, VE against influenza A(H3N2) was higher among children vaccinated in both the enrollment and 1 prior season (50.3% [95% CI, 17.0% to 70.2%]) than among those without 1 prior season vaccination (-82.4% [95% CI, -267.5% to 9.5%], interaction P < .001). The effectiveness of LAIV against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was not associated with prior season vaccination among those with prior season vaccination (47.5% [95% CI, 11.4% to 68.9%]) and among those without prior season vaccination (7.8% [95% CI, -101.9% to 57.9%]) (interaction P = .37). Prior season vaccination was not associated with effectiveness of IIV against influenza A(H3N2) (38.7% [95% CI, 6.8% to 59.6%] among those with prior-season vaccination and 23.2% [95% CI, -38.3% to 57.4%] among those without prior-season vaccination, interaction P = .16) or with effectiveness of IIV against influenza A[H1N1]pdm09 (72.4% [95% CI, 56.0% to 82.7%] among those with prior season vaccination and 67.5% [95% CI, 32.1% to 84.4%] among those without prior season vaccination, interaction P = .93). Residual protection from prior season vaccination only (no vaccination in the enrollment season) was observed for influenza B (LAIV: 60.0% [95% CI, 36.8% to 74.7%]; IIV: 60.0% [36.9% to 74.6%]). Similar results were observed in analyses that included repeated vaccination in 2 and 3 prior seasons.Conclusions and relevanceInfluenza VE varied by influenza type and subtype and vaccine type, but prior-season vaccination was not associated with reduced VE. These findings support current recommendations for annual influenza vaccination of children.

Dataset Information

Can a COVID-19 vaccine live up to Americans' expectations? A conjoint analysis of how vaccine characteristics influence vaccination intentions.

Objective

Rationale

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Publications

Can a COVID-19 vaccine live up to Americans' expectations? A conjoint analysis of how vaccine characteristics influence vaccination intentions.

Similar Datasets

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