Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome sequence of medicinal plant: Potentilla bifurca (Rosaceae).
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Liu Y
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7832467 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Rubus rosifolius belongs to the genus Rubus in the family Rosaceae and is widely distributed globally. It has white flowers and red fruits. Moreover, it has medicinal value for diseases of the stomach and other areas. However, the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of R. rosifolius remains unclear. In the present study, we sequenced the complete cp genome of R. rosifolius (GenBank accession no. OL435124), which had a typical quadripartite structure and a size of 155,650 bp. Fifteen genes (trnK-UUU, rps16, trnG-UCC, atpF, rpoC1, trnL-UAA, trnV-UAC, petB, petD, rpl16, rpl2, ndhB, trnI-GAU, trnA-UGC, and ndhA) contained an intron, and two genes (clpP and ycf3) contained two introns. The gene rps12 showed trans-splicing. Phylogenetic analysis showed that R. rosifolius was closely related to Rubus taiwanicola, Rubus rubroangustifolius, and Rubus glandulosopunctatus.
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Project description:Mirabilis himalaica is an old and popular medicinal plant used in traditional Tibetan folk medicine. Here, we reported the complete chloroplast genome sequence of Mirabilis himalaica. The assembled chloroplast genome was 154,348 bp long, containing a large single-copy region of 85,809 bp, a small single-copy region of 17,935 bp, and a pair of inverted repeat regions of 25,302 bp. It had 36% GC content and encoded 131 genes including 86 protein-coding genes, eight rRNA genes, and 37 tRNA. Fifteen and two genes contained one and two introns, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Mirabilis himalaica was sister to Nyctaginia capitata.
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Project description:Salvia miltiorrhiza is an important medicinal plant with great economic and medicinal value. The complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequence of Salvia miltiorrhiza, the first sequenced member of the Lamiaceae family, is reported here. The genome is 151,328 bp in length and exhibits a typical quadripartite structure of the large (LSC, 82,695 bp) and small (SSC, 17,555 bp) single-copy regions, separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IRs, 25,539 bp). It contains 114 unique genes, including 80 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNAs and four rRNAs. The genome structure, gene order, GC content and codon usage are similar to the typical angiosperm cp genomes. Four forward, three inverted and seven tandem repeats were detected in the Salvia miltiorrhiza cp genome. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) analysis among the 30 asterid cp genomes revealed that most SSRs are AT-rich, which contribute to the overall AT richness of these cp genomes. Additionally, fewer SSRs are distributed in the protein-coding sequences compared to the non-coding regions, indicating an uneven distribution of SSRs within the cp genomes. Entire cp genome comparison of Salvia miltiorrhiza and three other Lamiales cp genomes showed a high degree of sequence similarity and a relatively high divergence of intergenic spacers. Sequence divergence analysis discovered the ten most divergent and ten most conserved genes as well as their length variation, which will be helpful for phylogenetic studies in asterids. Our analysis also supports that both regional and functional constraints affect gene sequence evolution. Further, phylogenetic analysis demonstrated a sister relationship between Salvia miltiorrhiza and Sesamum indicum. The complete cp genome sequence of Salvia miltiorrhiza reported in this paper will facilitate population, phylogenetic and cp genetic engineering studies of this medicinal plant.
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Project description:Sophora tonkinensis belongs to genus Sophora of the Fabaceae family. It is mainly distributed in the ridge and peak regions of limestone areas in western China and has high medicinal value and important ecological functions. Wild populations of S. tonkinensis are in danger and need urgent conservation. Furthermore, wild S. tonkinensis resources are very limited relative to the needs of the market, and many adulterants are present on the market. Therefore, a method for authenticating S. tonkinensis and its adulterants at the molecular level is needed. Chloroplast genomes are valuable sources of genetic markers for phylogenetic analyses, genetic diversity evaluation, and plant molecular identification. In this study, we report the complete chloroplast genome of S. tonkinensis. The circular complete chloroplast genome was 154,644 bp in length, containing an 85,810 bp long single-copy (LSC) region, an 18,321 bp short single-copy (SSC) region and two inverted repeat (IR) regions of 50,513 bp. The S. tonkinensis chloroplast genome comprised 129 genes, including 83 protein-coding genes, 38 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and 8 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. The structure, gene order and guanine and cytosine (GC) content of the S. tonkinensis chloroplast genome were similar to those of the Sophora alopecuroides and Sophora flavescens chloroplast genomes. A total of 1,760 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified in the chloroplast genome of S. tonkinensis, and most of them (93.1%) were mononucleotides. Moreover, the identified SSRs were mainly distributed in the LSC region, accounting for 60% of the total number of SSRs, while 316 (18%) and 383 (22%) were located in the SSC and IR regions, respectively. Only one complete copy of the rpl2 gene was present at the LSC/IRB boundary, while another copy was absent from the IRA region because of the incomplete structure caused by IR region expansion and contraction. The phylogenetic analysis placed S. tonkinensis in Papilionoideae, sister to S. flavescens, and the genera Sophora and Ammopiptanthus were closely related. The complete genome sequencing and chloroplast genome comparative analysis of S. tonkinensis and its closely related species presented in this paper will help formulate effective conservation and management strategies as well as molecular identification approaches for this important medicinal plant.
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Project description:Prunus japonica is an ornamental and medicinal plant that is widely cultivated. The complete chloroplast genome of P. japonica was sequenced using Illumina Hiseq X Ten platform. The chloroplast genome was 158,080 bp in length, containing two short inverted repeat (IRa and IRb) regions of 26,385 bp, which was separated by a large single copy (LSC) region of 86,270 bp and a small single copy (SSC) region of 19,040 bp. The GC content of the whole chloroplast genome was 36.8%. The chloroplast DNA of P. japonica comprised 112 distinct genes, including 78 protein-coding genes, 4 ribosomal RNA genes and 30 transfer RNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that all species of Prunus formed a monophyletic group, P. japonica was closely related to P. hulimis.
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Project description:Malus toringoides belongs to the Malus genus (Rosaceae) and is a precious resource among wild plants. In this study, we report the first complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequence of M. toringoides. The whole cp genome contains 126 genes, 83 protein-coding genes, 35 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes. A maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree analysis based on 12 complete chloroplast genomes indicated that M. toringoides clustered closely with Malus hupehensis. Thus, the chloroplast genome can provide valuable genetic information for the protection and exploitation of M. toringoides.
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Project description:The Malus kansuensis belongs to the Malus genus of Rosaceae family and it is an important apple rootstock resource native to China. Here, its complete chloroplast genome was sequenced and assembled by high-throughput Illumina sequencing data. The DNA was circular in shape with 160,133 bp length, containing IRA and IRB inverted repeat regions (26,354 bp), large single-copy region (LSC) (88,141 bp), and small single-copy region (SSC)(19,284 bp). In the chloroplast genome, 129 functional genes were predicted, including 85 protein-coding genes, 36 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. The phylogenetic tree basically accords with the traditional taxonomy of the order Malus genus of Rosaceae family.
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Project description:We report the complete chloroplast genome sequence of Gynostemma pentaphyllum, a well-known traditional Chinese medicine, which produces triterpenoid saponins similar to Panax ginseng. The assembled chloroplast genome (cpDNA) was 157,654?bp in length and structurally divided into four distinct regions, namely, large single copy region (86,794?bp), small single copy region (18,654?bp) and a pair of inverted repeat regions (26,103?bp). A total of 143 genes were annotated, including 87 protein-coding genes, 10 tRNA genes and 46 rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the chloroplast genome sequence of G. pentaphyllum is most closely related to Cucumis melo.
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Project description:The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Artemisia gmelinii was characterized from Illumina pair-end sequencing. The chloroplast genome of A. gmelinii was 151,050 bp in length, containing a large single-copy region (LSC) of 80,976 bp, a small single-copy region (SSC) of 16,006 bp, and two inverted repeat (IR) regions of 27,034 bp, each. The overall GC content is 30.70%, while the correponding values of the LSC, SSC, and IR regions are 64.6, 69.2, and 60.1%, respectively. The genome contains 131 complete genes, including 86 protein-coding genes (62 protein-coding gene species), 37 tRNA genes (29 tRNA species) and 8 rRNA genes (4 rRNA species). The Neighbour-joining phylogenetic analysis showed that A. gmelinii and Artemisia scoparia clustered together as sisters to other Artemisia species.
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