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PPAR? increases HUWE1 to attenuate NF-?B/p65 and sickle cell disease with pulmonary hypertension.

ABSTRACT: Sickle cell disease (SCD)-associated pulmonary hypertension (PH) causes significant morbidity and mortality. Here, we defined the role of endothelial specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ? (PPAR?) function and novel PPAR?/HUWE1/miR-98 signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of SCD-PH. PH and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) were increased in chimeric Townes humanized sickle cell (SS) mice with endothelial-targeted PPAR? knockout (SSePPAR?KO) compared with chimeric littermate control (SSLitCon). Lung levels of PPAR?, HUWE1, and miR-98 were reduced in SSePPAR?KO mice compared with SSLitCon mice, whereas SSePPAR?KO lungs were characterized by increased levels of p65, ET-1, and VCAM1. Collectively, these findings indicate that loss of endothelial PPAR? is sufficient to increase ET-1 and VCAM1 that contribute to endothelial dysfunction and SCD-PH pathogenesis. Levels of HUWE1 and miR-98 were decreased, and p65 levels were increased in the lungs of SS mice in vivo and in hemin-treated human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs) in vitro. Although silencing of p65 does not regulate HUWE1 levels, the loss of HUWE1 increased p65 levels in HPAECs. Overexpression of PPAR? attenuated hemin-induced reductions of HUWE1 and miR-98 and increases in p65 and endothelial dysfunction. Similarly, PPAR? activation attenuated baseline PH and RVH and increased HUWE1 and miR-98 in SS lungs. In vitro, hemin treatment reduced PPAR?, HUWE1, and miR-98 levels and increased p65 expression, HPAEC monocyte adhesion, and proliferation. These derangements were attenuated by pharmacological PPAR? activation. Targeting these signaling pathways can favorably modulate a spectrum of pathobiological responses in SCD-PH pathogenesis, highlighting novel therapeutic targets in SCD pulmonary vascular dysfunction and PH.

SUBMITTER: Jang AJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7839356 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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PPARγ increases HUWE1 to attenuate NF-κB/p65 and sickle cell disease with pulmonary hypertension.

Jang Andrew J AJ Chang Sarah S SS Park Changwon C Lee Choon-Myung CM Benza Raymond L RL Passineau Michael J MJ Ma Jing J Archer David R DR Sutliff Roy L RL Hart C Michael CM Kang Bum-Yong BY

Blood advances 20210101 2

Sickle cell disease (SCD)-associated pulmonary hypertension (PH) causes significant morbidity and mortality. Here, we defined the role of endothelial specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) function and novel PPARγ/HUWE1/miR-98 signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of SCD-PH. PH and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) were increased in chimeric Townes humanized sickle cell (SS) mice with endothelial-targeted PPARγ knockout (SSePPARγKO) compared with chimeric littermate con ...[more]

PMID: 33496741

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Project description:BackgroundThe NF-κB family of transcription factors and associated signalling pathways are abundant and ubiquitous in human immune responses. Activation of NF-κB transcription factors by viral pathogen-associated molecular patterns, such as viral RNA and DNA, is fundamental to anti-viral innate immune defences and pro-inflammatory cytokine production that steers adaptive immune responses. Diverse non-viral stimuli, such as lipopolysaccharide and cytokines, also activate NF-κB and the same anti-pathogen gene networks. Viruses adapted to human cells often encode multiple proteins targeting the NF-κB pathway to mitigate the anti-viral effects of NF-κB-dependent host immunity.ResultsIn this study we have demonstrated using a variety of assays, in a number of different cell types including primary cells, that plasmid-encoded or virus-delivered simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) accessory protein Vpx is a broad antagonist of NF-κB signalling active against diverse innate NF-κB agonists. Using targeted Vpx mutagenesis, we showed that this novel Vpx phenotype is independent of known Vpx cofactor DCAF1 and other cellular binding partners, including SAMHD1, STING and the HUSH complex. We found that Vpx co-immunoprecipitated with canonical NF-κB transcription factor p65, but not NF-κB family members p50 or p100, preventing nuclear translocation of p65. We found that broad antagonism of NF-κB activation by Vpx was conserved across distantly related lentiviruses as well as for Vpr from SIV Mona monkey (SIVmon), which has Vpx-like SAMHD1-degradation activity.ConclusionsWe have discovered a novel mechanism by which lentiviruses antagonise NF-κB activation by targeting p65. These findings extend our knowledge of how lentiviruses manipulate universal regulators of immunity to avoid the anti-viral sequelae of pro-inflammatory gene expression stimulated by both viral and extra-viral agonists. Importantly our findings are also relevant to the gene therapy field where virus-like particle associated Vpx is routinely used to enhance vector transduction through antagonism of SAMHD1, and perhaps also through manipulation of NF-κB.

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PPAR? increases HUWE1 to attenuate NF-?B/p65 and sickle cell disease with pulmonary hypertension.

Publications

PPARγ increases HUWE1 to attenuate NF-κB/p65 and sickle cell disease with pulmonary hypertension.

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