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Ethanol extract of Cassia siamea L. increases life span in Drosophila melanogaster.

ABSTRACT: The stem of Cassia siamea L. (Fabaceae) has been used in traditional Thai medicine as a longevity remedy. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of ethanolic stem extract of C. siamea (CSE) on the life span of Drosophila melanogaster. The results showed that a diet containing 10 mg/mL CSE could significantly extend the mean life span of D. melanogaster by 14% compared with the control diet (P < 0.01). The maximum life span was 74, 78, and 84 days in control, CSE (5 mg/mL) and CSE (10 mg/mL) groups, respectively. Supplementation of CSE at 10 mg/mL also significantly increases the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) at days 25 and 40 compared with the control diet. Treatment of CSE at 5 and 10 mg/mL significantly increased the climbing ability of D. melanogaster both on days 25 and 40 compared with the control flies. Paraquat and H₂O₂ challenge test showed that flies fed with CSE at 10 mg/mL had a longer survival time than the control flies (P < 0.01). This study provides supportive evidence that supplementation with CSE prolonged life span and reduced oxidative stress in D. melanogaster.

SUBMITTER: Wongchum N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7844133 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Ethanol extract of Cassia siamea L. increases life span in Drosophila melanogaster.

Wongchum Nattapong N Dechakhamphu Ananya A

Biochemistry and biophysics reports 20210126

The stem of Cassia siamea L. (Fabaceae) has been used in traditional Thai medicine as a longevity remedy. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of ethanolic stem extract of C. siamea (CSE) on the life span of Drosophila melanogaster. The results showed that a diet containing 10 mg/mL CSE could significantly extend the mean life span of D. melanogaster by 14% compared with the control diet (P < 0.01). The maximum life span was 74, 78, and 84 days in ...[more]

PMID: 33553687

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Project description:ABSTRACT MAGWIRE, MICHAEL MAHLON. Mutations Increasing Drosophila melanogaster Life Span. (Under the direction of Trudy F. C. Mackay.) Better living conditions and advances in medicine have made it possible for humans to live considerably longer than before. This has uncovered many health problems associated with age. By identifying genes involved in the limitation of life span, we may better understand the processes that lead to aging. In model organisms, we can use mutagenesis to discover mutations that increase life span, and hence infer that the wild-type allele limits life span by some means. We have assessed longevity in a collection of 1332 co-isogenic gene-trap P-element insertion lines and determined changes in life span of each insert line relative to the corresponding control line. Significant lines were determined via two different methods of analysis: A 95% confidence interval was established based on deviations of the mutant life spans from the controls and Dunnett’s two tailed t-tests were used to examine differences between mutant and control in each individual block. Based on the 95% confidence interval, 139 inserts displayed an increase in life span and 194 inserts a decrease. Using Dunnett’s, 70 lines increased in life span, while 270 decreased in life span. An additional 48 increased longevity lines were close enough to meeting Dunnett’s criteria to be considered for additional investigation. Combining these two analyses, we chose 83 inserts associated with increased life span for a secondary screen using an additional twelve replicates. 58 of these lines remained significant. We have determined the P-element insertion site for 50 of these lines. Starvation resistance, chill coma recovery time and climbing activity were measured on the lines remaining significant after the the secondary screen to identify pleiotropic effects. A positive correlation was found for males between life span and starvation resistance as well as between life span and chill coma recovery. Females only displayed a correlation between life span and chill coma recovery, which was negative. None of the lines indicated increased fitness for all phenotypes, indicating there may be some type of trade-off. There also appears to be a lot of pleiotropic variation depending on background and sex. Ten of the lines, all with the same parental background, were chosen for a half-diallel cross to identify epistasis between the mutants. There were substantial epistatic interactions between all ten lines. Furthermore, males and females displayed vastly different patterns of epistasis, again indicating major differences in life span regulation between the sexes. Finally, a subset of seven of the lines used in the epistatic study, in addition to the corresponding parental control, were chosen for microarray analysis to look for possible pathways and novel genes involved in increasing life span. 1,996 probe sets were significant at a false discovery rate q-value threshold of q < 0.0001. Tukeys tests were carried out for these probe sets to determine how each of the seven mutant backgrounds differed compared to the control and each other. In addition, each mutant background was compared individually with the control to identify any changes in expression. Gene ontologies were determined for each of the lines to identify over-represented biological functions which would indicate possible longevity pathways. Dozens of pathways were suggested, including several novel pathways. Keywords: Genetic (P-element insertion) modification and comparison to control line

Project description:Despite long traditional utilization and some reports on the antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic action of Cassia siamea, the mechanisms involved have not been investigated yet. Thus, the objective of the present study was to investigate whether and how oral administration of the ethanolic extract of Cassia siamea Lam leaves (LECS) improves glucose and insulin homoeostasis, liver damage, and endothelial dysfunction in an experimental model of type 2 diabetes, the leptin-deficient ob/ob mice. Oxidative stress and protein expression of insulin-dependent and insulin -independent signaling pathways were studied. Obese ( ob/ob) vs. control (ob/+) mice were treated daily with intragastric administration of either vehicle or LECS (200?mg/kg, per day) for 4 weeks. Fasting blood glucose, body weight, food intake, glucose and insulin tolerance, oxidative stress, and liver damage as well as vascular complications with respect to endothelial dysfunction were examined. Administration of LECS in obese mice significantly reduced blood glucose and insulin levels, improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, and restored the increase of circulating AST and ALT without modification of body weight and food intake. These effects were associated with increased activity of both insulin and AMPK pathways in the liver and skeletal muscles. Of particular interest, administration of LECS in obese mice completely prevented the endothelial dysfunction resulting from an increased NO· and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the aorta. Altogether, oral administration of LECS remarkably attenuates features of type 2 diabetes on glucose, hepatic inflammation, insulin resistance, endothelial function, and vascular oxidative stress, being as most of these effects are related to insulin-dependent and insulin-independent mechanisms. Therefore, this study points for the therapeutic potential of Cassia siamea in correcting both metabolic and vascular alterations linked to type 2 diabetes.

Project description:To better understand how associated microorganisms ("microbiota") influence organismal aging, we focused on the model organism Drosophila melanogaster We conducted a metagenome-wide association (MGWA) as a screen to identify bacterial genes associated with variation in the D. melanogaster life span. The results of the MGWA predicted that bacterial cysteine and methionine metabolism genes influence fruit fly longevity. A mutant analysis, in which flies were inoculated with Escherichia coli strains bearing mutations in various methionine cycle genes, confirmed a role for some methionine cycle genes in extending or shortening fruit fly life span. Initially, we predicted these genes might influence longevity by mimicking or opposing methionine restriction, an established mechanism for life span extension in fruit flies. However, follow-up transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) and metabolomic experiments were generally inconsistent with this conclusion and instead implicated glucose and vitamin B6 metabolism in these influences. We then tested if bacteria could influence life span through methionine restriction using a different set of bacterial strains. Flies reared with a bacterial strain that ectopically expressed bacterial transsulfuration genes and lowered the methionine content of the fly diet also extended female D. melanogaster life span. Taken together, the microbial influences shown here overlap with established host genetic mechanisms for aging and therefore suggest overlapping roles for host and microbial metabolism genes in organismal aging.IMPORTANCE Associated microorganisms ("microbiota") are intimately connected to the behavior and physiology of their animal hosts, and defining the mechanisms of these interactions is an urgent imperative. This study focuses on how microorganisms influence the life span of a model host, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster First, we performed a screen that suggested a strong influence of bacterial methionine metabolism on host life span. Follow-up analyses of gene expression and metabolite abundance identified stronger roles for vitamin B6 and glucose than methionine metabolism among the tested mutants, possibly suggesting a more limited role for bacterial methionine metabolism genes in host life span effects. In a parallel set of experiments, we created a distinct bacterial strain that expressed life span-extending methionine metabolism genes and showed that this strain can extend fly life span. Therefore, this work identifies specific bacterial genes that influence host life span, including in ways that are consistent with the expectations of methionine restriction.

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Ethanol extract of Cassia siamea L. increases life span in Drosophila melanogaster.

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Ethanol extract of <i>Cassia siamea</i> L. increases life span in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>.

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