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ABSTRACT: Background
The COVID-19 pandemic and mitigation measures are likely to have a marked effect on mental health. It is important to use longitudinal data to improve inferences.Aims
To quantify the prevalence of depression, anxiety and mental well-being before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Also, to identify groups at risk of depression and/or anxiety during the pandemic.Method
Data were from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) index generation (n = 2850, mean age 28 years) and parent generation (n = 3720, mean age 59 years), and Generation Scotland (n = 4233, mean age 59 years). Depression was measured with the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire in ALSPAC and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 in Generation Scotland. Anxiety and mental well-being were measured with the Generalised Anxiety Disorder Assessment-7 and the Short Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale.Results
Depression during the pandemic was similar to pre-pandemic levels in the ALSPAC index generation, but those experiencing anxiety had almost doubled, at 24% (95% CI 23-26%) compared with a pre-pandemic level of 13% (95% CI 12-14%). In both studies, anxiety and depression during the pandemic was greater in younger members, women, those with pre-existing mental/physical health conditions and individuals in socioeconomic adversity, even when controlling for pre-pandemic anxiety and depression.Conclusions
These results provide evidence for increased anxiety in young people that is coincident with the pandemic. Specific groups are at elevated risk of depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is important for planning current mental health provisions and for long-term impact beyond this pandemic.
SUBMITTER: Kwong ASF
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7844173 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Nov
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Kwong Alex S F ASF Pearson Rebecca M RM Adams Mark J MJ Northstone Kate K Tilling Kate K Smith Daniel D Fawns-Ritchie Chloe C Bould Helen H Warne Naomi N Zammit Stanley S Gunnell David J DJ Moran Paul A PA Micali Nadia N Reichenberg Abraham A Hickman Matthew M Rai Dheeraj D Haworth Simon S Campbell Archie A Altschul Drew D Flaig Robin R McIntosh Andrew M AM Lawlor Deborah A DA Porteous David D Timpson Nicholas J NJ
The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science 20210601 6
<h4>Background</h4>The COVID-19 pandemic and mitigation measures are likely to have a marked effect on mental health. It is important to use longitudinal data to improve inferences.<h4>Aims</h4>To quantify the prevalence of depression, anxiety and mental well-being before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Also, to identify groups at risk of depression and/or anxiety during the pandemic.<h4>Method</h4>Data were from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) index generation (n ...[more]