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Arabidopsis REI-LIKE proteins activate ribosome biogenesis during cold acclimation.

ABSTRACT: Arabidopsis REIL proteins are cytosolic ribosomal 60S-biogenesis factors. After shift to 10 °C, reil mutants deplete and slowly replenish non-translating eukaryotic ribosome complexes of root tissue, while controlling the balance of non-translating 40S- and 60S-subunits. Reil mutations respond by hyper-accumulation of non-translating subunits at steady-state temperature; after cold-shift, a KCl-sensitive 80S sub-fraction remains depleted. We infer that Arabidopsis may buffer fluctuating translation by pre-existing non-translating ribosomes before de novo synthesis meets temperature-induced demands. Reil1 reil2 double mutants accumulate 43S-preinitiation and pre-60S-maturation complexes and alter paralog composition of ribosomal proteins in non-translating complexes. With few exceptions, e.g. RPL3B and RPL24C, these changes are not under transcriptional control. Our study suggests requirement of de novo synthesis of eukaryotic ribosomes for long-term cold acclimation, feedback control of NUC2 and eIF3C2 transcription and links new proteins, AT1G03250, AT5G60530, to plant ribosome biogenesis. We propose that Arabidopsis requires biosynthesis of specialized ribosomes for cold acclimation.

SUBMITTER: Cheong BE

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7844247 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Arabidopsis REI-LIKE proteins activate ribosome biogenesis during cold acclimation.

Cheong Bo Eng BE Beine-Golovchuk Olga O Gorka Michal M Ho William Wing Ho WWH Martinez-Seidel Federico F Firmino Alexandre Augusto Pereira AAP Skirycz Aleksandra A Roessner Ute U Kopka Joachim J

Scientific reports 20210128 1

Arabidopsis REIL proteins are cytosolic ribosomal 60S-biogenesis factors. After shift to 10 °C, reil mutants deplete and slowly replenish non-translating eukaryotic ribosome complexes of root tissue, while controlling the balance of non-translating 40S- and 60S-subunits. Reil mutations respond by hyper-accumulation of non-translating subunits at steady-state temperature; after cold-shift, a KCl-sensitive 80S sub-fraction remains depleted. We infer that Arabidopsis may buffer fluctuating translat ...[more]

PMID: 33510206

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Project description:Overwintering plants are capable of exhibiting high levels of cold tolerance, which is acquired through the process of cold acclimation (CA). In contrast to CA, the acquired freezing tolerance is rapidly reduced during cold de-acclimation (DA) and plants resume growth after sensing warm temperatures. In order to better understand plant growth and development, and to aid in the breeding of cold-tolerant plants, it is important to decipher the functional mechanisms of the DA process. In this study, we performed comparative transcriptomic and proteomic analyses during CA and DA. As revealed by shotgun proteomics, we identified 3987 peptides originating from 1569 unique proteins and the corresponding mRNAs were analyzed. Among the 1569 genes, 658 genes were specifically induced at the transcriptional level during the process of cold acclimation. In order to investigate the relationship between mRNA and the corresponding protein expression pattern, a Pearson correlation was analyzed. Interestingly, 199 genes showed a positive correlation of mRNA and protein expression pattern, indicating that both their transcription and translation occurred during CA. However, 226 genes showed a negative correlation of mRNA and protein expression pattern, indicating that their mRNAs were transcribed during CA and were stored for the subsequent DA step. Under this scenario, those proteins were specifically increased during DA without additional transcription of mRNA. In order to confirm the negative correlation of mRNA and protein expression patterns, qRT-PCR and western blot analyses were performed. Mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase 1 (mMDH1) exhibited a negative correlation of mRNA and protein levels, which was characterized by CA-specific mRNA induction and protein accumulation specifically during DA. These data indicate that the expression of specific mRNAs and subsequent accumulation of corresponding proteins are not always in accordance under low temperature stress conditions in plants.

Project description:Ribosome biogenesis is essential for plants to successfully acclimate to low temperature. Without dedicated steps supervising the 60S large subunits (LSUs) maturation in the cytosol, e.g., Rei-like (REIL) factors, plants fail to accumulate dry weight and fail to grow at suboptimal low temperatures. Around REIL, the final 60S cytosolic maturation steps include proofreading and assembly of functional ribosomal centers such as the polypeptide exit tunnel and the P-Stalk, respectively. In consequence, these ribosomal substructures and their assembly, especially during low temperatures, might be changed and provoke the need for dedicated quality controls. To test this, we blocked ribosome maturation during cold acclimation using two independent reil double mutant genotypes and tested changes in their ribosomal proteomes. Additionally, we normalized our mutant datasets using as a blank the cold responsiveness of a wild-type Arabidopsis genotype. This allowed us to neglect any reil-specific effects that may happen due to the presence or absence of the factor during LSU cytosolic maturation, thus allowing us to test for cold-induced changes that happen in the early nucleolar biogenesis. As a result, we report that cold acclimation triggers a reprogramming in the structural ribosomal proteome. The reprogramming alters the abundance of specific RP families and/or paralogs in non-translational LSU and translational polysome fractions, a phenomenon known as substoichiometry. Next, we tested whether the cold-substoichiometry was spatially confined to specific regions of the complex. In terms of RP proteoforms, we report that remodeling of ribosomes after a cold stimulus is significantly constrained to the polypeptide exit tunnel (PET), i.e., REIL factor binding and functional site. In terms of RP transcripts, cold acclimation induces changes in RP families or paralogs that are significantly constrained to the P-Stalk and the ribosomal head. The three modulated substructures represent possible targets of mechanisms that may constrain translation by controlled ribosome heterogeneity. We propose that non-random ribosome heterogeneity controlled by specialized biogenesis mechanisms may contribute to a preferential or ultimately even rigorous selection of transcripts needed for rapid proteome shifts and successful acclimation.

Dataset Information

Arabidopsis REI-LIKE proteins activate ribosome biogenesis during cold acclimation.

Publications

Arabidopsis REI-LIKE proteins activate ribosome biogenesis during cold acclimation.

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