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Concentration of heavy metals in street dust: an implication of using different geochemical background data in estimating the level of heavy metal pollution.

ABSTRACT: Geochemical background data are used to distinguish between the sources of heavy metal (natural or anthropogenic) and to categorize the level of heavy metal pollution. In this study, we present the results of using different geochemical backgrounds (BG1-BG3) to establish the level of heavy metal pollution in street dust in Warsaw, Poland. We applied individual and collective indicators calculated with respect to the following backgrounds: (1) upper continental crust (UCC) (BG1), (2) the regional geochemical background established for Quaternary surface deposits of the Mazovian region (Poland) (parent geological material occurring in the studied area, Warsaw, Poland) (BG2), and (3) the minimal values of the concentration of heavy metals determined for the real street dust sample collectives from Warsaw (BG3). The assessment of the heavy metals pollution of street dust significantly depended on the background values used in the calculation of individual and collective indicators. Street dust was classified as unpolluted for almost all the heavy metals based on the values of indicators calculated for UCC data. The effect of traffic-related pollution was detected more precisely based on the values of indicators calculated for BG2 and BG3. The naturally elevated concentrations of heavy metals in UCC data can be responsible for the underestimation of pollution impact in street dust. When relatively low concentration of heavy metals is only observed, the application of BG2 or BG3 background data, which better correspond to the geogenic material in street dust, allows to realistically reflect the level of pollution from moving vehicles.

SUBMITTER: Dytlow S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7847877 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Concentration of heavy metals in street dust: an implication of using different geochemical background data in estimating the level of heavy metal pollution.

Dytłow Sylwia S Górka-Kostrubiec Beata B

Environmental geochemistry and health 20201010 1

Geochemical background data are used to distinguish between the sources of heavy metal (natural or anthropogenic) and to categorize the level of heavy metal pollution. In this study, we present the results of using different geochemical backgrounds (BG1-BG3) to establish the level of heavy metal pollution in street dust in Warsaw, Poland. We applied individual and collective indicators calculated with respect to the following backgrounds: (1) upper continental crust (UCC) (BG1), (2) the regional ...[more]

PMID: 33037955

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Project description:It is necessary to establish local geochemical baseline concentrations (GBCs) due to the lack or the inapplicability of regional background values in the study area. The establishment of GBCs of heavy metal (HM) in soil helps in making the accurate assessment of pollution, and then provides a basis for pollution control. Based on this, a case study was undertaken to study the GBCs of the Jiedong District, Guangdong Province, China. In this research, cumulative frequency distribution curves were utilized to determine the local GBCs in the subsoils. The determined GBCs of Cr, Hg, As, Pb, Ni, Cd, Cu, Zn, Co and V were 39.91, 0.072, 11.48, 47.62, 12.70, 0.17, 14.22, 64.54, 6.31, and 68.14 mg/kg, respectively. The average concentrations of Hg, As, Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn in the topsoils exceeded the corresponding baseline concentrations. In particular, the contents of Cd and Hg were 1.53 and 2.22 times higher than GBCs. According to this baseline criterion, enrichment factor (EF), pollution load index (PLI) and ecological risk index (RI) were applied to assessing HM pollution. EF and PLI suggested that most areas were under moderate contamination, while Hg and Cd pollution was more serious. And the RI values presented that the potential ecological risks were low in most parts of the study area. The possible origins of HMs were identified by combining positive matrix factorization with EF and geostatistics. Comprehensive analysis indicated that Hg and Cd were related to industrial activities, such as textile and garment processing, plastic and rubber production and metal manufacturing. Arsenic and part of Cu mainly came from agricultural activities, namely the use of pesticides, fertilizers and livestock manures. Lead and Zn were mainly attributed to traffic emissions. Chromium, Ni, V, Co, and part of Cu were originated from natural source controlled by parent materials. The corresponding contributions of these sources were 20.61%, 24.20%, 19.22% and 35.97%, respectively. This work provides information to prevent and control the soil HM pollution by proposing the efficient management of anthropogenic sources.

Project description:Concentrations of seven heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) and one metalloid (As) as well as various parameters (pH, organic carbon, granulometric analysis and cation exchange capacity) were analyzed in 77 soil samples collected in the mining areas of La Zanja and Colquirrumi (Department of Cajamarca) and Julcani (Department of Huancavelica). Our study proposed geochemical baseline values for heavy metals in a natural region (La Zanja) from samples collected during the period of the environmental impact study (2006), that is, from an earlier period which occurred at the beginning of the exploitation of the current gold mine. The baseline values obtained were as follows: 8.26 mg kg-1 for Cr; 56.97 mg kg-1 for Ni; 22, 20 mg kg-1 for the Cu; 47.42 mg kg-1 for Zn; 27.50 mg kg-1 for As; 4.36 mg kg-1 for Cd; 4.89 mg kg-1 for Hg, and 44.87 mg kg-1 for Pb. Through the use of different indices of heavy metal contamination (geo-accumulation index (Igeo), improved Nemerow index (IIN) and potential ecological risk index (RI)), the degree of pollution caused by mining activities in two areas, Colquirrumi and Julcani, which have a high density of mining sites in operation, was determined. The values obtained from these indices indicated that the Colquirrumi region was the most contaminated, followed by Julcani. The area of La Zanja, despite being free of mining operations, presented slight diffuse pollution. Several positive correlations were obtained, with a high level of significance, between pH, organic carbon content, cation exchange capacity, and the Cr, Pb and Ni concentrations of the soils. The spatial distribution of the heavy metals was realized by means of the interpolation method of ordinary kriging. The results obtained and the experience gained in this work were necessary to facilitate the identification of soil contamination processes in high altitude areas of the Andes Western Cordillera (Peru) as a basis for taking appropriate measures when restoring soils, during mine closure processes, and to protect the quality of soil resources.

Project description:BackgroundThe rise in particulate matter (PM) concentrations is a serious problem for the environment. Heavy metals associated with PM10, PM2.5, and road dust adversely affect human health. Different methods have been used to assess heavy metal contamination in PM10, PM2.5, and road dust and source apportionment of these heavy metals. These assessment tools utilize pollution indices and health risk assessment models.ObjectivesThe present study evaluates the total mass and average concentrations of heavy metals in PM10, PM2.5, and road dust along selected road networks in Dhanbad, India, analyzes the source apportionment of heavy metals, and assesses associated human health risks.MethodsA total of 112 PM samples and 21 road dust samples were collected from six stations and one background site in Dhanbad, India from December 2015 to February 2016, and were analyzed for heavy metals (iron (Fe), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), and zinc (Zn)) using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Source apportionment was determined using principal component analysis. A health risk assessment of heavy metal concentrations in PM10, PM2.5, and road dust was also performed.ResultsThe average mass concentration was found to be 229.54±118.40 μg m-3 for PM10 and 129.73 ±61.74 μg m-3 for PM2.5. The average concentration of heavy metals was found to be higher in PM2.5 than PM10. The pollution load index value of PM10 and PM2.5 road dust was found to be in the deteriorating category. Vehicles were the major source of pollution. The non-carcinogenic effects on children and adults were found to be within acceptable limits. The heavy metals present in PM and road dust posed a health risk in the order of road dust> PM10> and PM2.5. Particulate matter posed higher health risks than road dust due to particle size.ConclusionsThe mass concentration analysis indicates serious PM10 and PM2.5 contamination in the study area. Vehicle traffic was the major source of heavy metals in PM10, PM2.5, and road dust. In terms of non-carcinogenic risks posed by heavy metals in the present study, children were more affected than adults. The carcinogenic risk posed by the heavy metals was negligible.Competing interestsThe authors declare no competing financial interests.

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Concentration of heavy metals in street dust: an implication of using different geochemical background data in estimating the level of heavy metal pollution.

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Concentration of heavy metals in street dust: an implication of using different geochemical background data in estimating the level of heavy metal pollution.

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