Dataset Information

Innate Immunity in Hepatitis C Virus Infection.

ABSTRACT: Activation and viral control of the innate immune response are hallmarks of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and are major determinants of spontaneous clearance or progression to chronic infection and liver disease. In this review, we provide a contemporary overview of how HCV is sensed by the host cell to trigger innate immune activation and the mechanisms deployed by the virus to evade this response. Type I and III interferons (IFNs) are crucial mediators of antiviral innate immunity against HCV, and we specifically highlight the importance of IFN-λ host genetics for the outcome of HCV infection. Last, we focus on the proinflammatory responses elicited by HCV infection and describe our current understanding of how interleukin (IL)-1β signaling and cross talk between the IL-1β and IFN signaling pathways lead to sustained inflammation and increased risk of liver pathology.

SUBMITTER: Schwerk J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7849348 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Innate Immunity in Hepatitis C Virus Infection.

Schwerk Johannes J Negash Amina A Savan Ram R Gale Michael M

Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine 20210201 2

Activation and viral control of the innate immune response are hallmarks of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and are major determinants of spontaneous clearance or progression to chronic infection and liver disease. In this review, we provide a contemporary overview of how HCV is sensed by the host cell to trigger innate immune activation and the mechanisms deployed by the virus to evade this response. Type I and III interferons (IFNs) are crucial mediators of antiviral innate immunity against ...[more]

PMID: 32341066

Similar Datasets

Project description:Viral and/or host factors that are directly responsible for the acute versus chronic outcome of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection have not been identified yet. Information on immune response during the early stages of HBV infection in humans is mainly derived from blood samples of patients with acute hepatitis B (AHB), which are usually obtained after the onset of clinical symptoms. Features of intrahepatic immune response in these patients are less studied due to the difficulty of obtaining multiple liver biopsies. Woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) infection in woodchucks is a model for HBV infection in humans. In the present study, five adult woodchucks were experimentally infected with WHV and then followed for 18 weeks. Blood and liver tissues were frequently collected for assaying markers of WHV replication and innate and adaptive immune responses. Liver tissues were further analyzed for pathological changes and stained for important immune cell subsets and cytokines. The increase and subsequent decline of viral replication markers in serum and liver, the elicitation of antibodies against viral proteins, and the induction of virus-specific T-cell responses indicated eventual resolution of acute WHV infection in all animals. Intrahepatic innate immune makers stayed unchanged immediately after the infection, but increased markedly during resolution, as determined by changes in transcript levels. The presence of interferon-gamma and expression of natural killer (NK) cell markers suggested that a non-cytolytic response mechanism is involved in the initial viral control in liver. This was followed by the expression of T-cell markers and cytolytic effector molecules, indicating the induction of a cytolytic response mechanism. Parallel increases in regulatory T-cell markers suggested that this cell subset participates in the overall immune cell infiltration in liver and/or has a role in regulating AHB induced by the cytolytic response mechanism. Since the transcript levels of immune cell markers in blood, when detectable, were lower than in liver, and the kinetics, except for NK-cells and interferon-gamma, did not correlate well with their intrahepatic expression, this further indicated enrichment of immune cells within liver. Conclusion: The coordinated interplay of innate and adaptive immunity mediates viral clearance in the woodchuck animal model of HBV infection. The initial presence of NK-cell associated interferon-gamma response points to an important role of this cytokine in HBV resolution.

Dataset Information

Innate Immunity in Hepatitis C Virus Infection.

Publications

Innate Immunity in Hepatitis C Virus Infection.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets