Dataset Information

Molecular evolutionary analysis reveals Arctic-like rabies viruses evolved and dispersed independently in North and South Asia.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Arctic-like (AL) lineages of rabies viruses (RABVs) remains endemic in some Arctic and Asia countries. However, their evolutionary dynamics are largely unappreciated.

Objectives

We attempted to estimate the evolutionary history, geographic origin and spread of the Arctic-related RABVs.

Methods

Full length or partial sequences of the N and G genes were used to infer the evolutionary aspects of AL RABVs by Bayesian evolutionary analysis.

Results

The most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) of the current Arctic and AL RABVs emerged in the 1830s and evolved independently after diversification. Population demographic analysis indicated that the viruses experienced gradual growth followed by a sudden decrease in its population size from the mid-1980s to approximately 2000. Genetic flow patterns among the regions reveal a high geographic correlation in AL RABVs transmission. Discrete phylogeography suggests that the geographic origin of the AL RABVs was in east Russia in approximately the 1830s. The ancestral AL RABV then diversified and immigrated to the countries in Northeast Asia, while the viruses in South Asia were dispersed to the neighboring regions from India. The N and G genes of RABVs in both clades sustained high levels of purifying selection, and the positive selection sites were mainly found on the C-terminus of the G gene.

Conclusions

The current AL RABVs circulating in South and North Asia evolved and dispersed independently.

SUBMITTER: Yu X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7850786 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Molecular evolutionary analysis reveals Arctic-like rabies viruses evolved and dispersed independently in North and South Asia.

Yu Xin X Zhu Hongwei H Bo Yongheng Y Li Youzhi Y Zhang Jianlong J Jiang Linlin L Chen Guozhong G Zhang Xingxiao X Wen Yongjun Y

Journal of veterinary science 20210101 1

<h4>Background</h4>Arctic-like (AL) lineages of rabies viruses (RABVs) remains endemic in some Arctic and Asia countries. However, their evolutionary dynamics are largely unappreciated.<h4>Objectives</h4>We attempted to estimate the evolutionary history, geographic origin and spread of the Arctic-related RABVs.<h4>Methods</h4>Full length or partial sequences of the N and G genes were used to infer the evolutionary aspects of AL RABVs by Bayesian evolutionary analysis.<h4>Results</h4>The most rec ...[more]

PMID: 33522157

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Project description:There has been limited knowledge on spatio-temporal epidemiology of zoonotic arctic fox rabies among countries bordering the Arctic, in particular Greenland. Previous molecular epidemiological studies have suggested the occurrence of one particular arctic rabies virus (RABV) lineage (arctic-3), but have been limited by a low number of available samples preventing in-depth high resolution phylogenetic analysis of RABVs at that time. However, an improved knowledge of the evolution, at a molecular level, of the circulating RABVs and a better understanding of the historical perspective of the disease in Greenland is necessary for better direct control measures on the island. These issues have been addressed by investigating the spatio-temporal genetic diversity of arctic RABVs and their reservoir host, the arctic fox, in Greenland using both full and partial genome sequences. Using a unique set of 79 arctic RABV full genome sequences from Greenland, Canada, USA (Alaska) and Russia obtained between 1977 and 2014, a description of the historic context in relation to the genetic diversity of currently circulating RABV in Greenland and neighboring Canadian Northern territories has been provided. The phylogenetic analysis confirmed delineation into four major arctic RABV lineages (arctic 1-4) with viruses from Greenland exclusively grouping into the circumpolar arctic-3 lineage. High resolution analysis enabled distinction of seven geographically distinct subclades (3.I - 3.VII) with two subclades containing viruses from both Greenland and Canada. By combining analysis of full length RABV genome sequences and host derived sequences encoding mitochondrial proteins obtained simultaneously from brain tissues of 49 arctic foxes, the interaction of viruses and their hosts was explored in detail. Such an approach can serve as a blueprint for analysis of infectious disease dynamics and virus-host interdependencies. The results showed a fine-scale spatial population structure in Greenland arctic foxes based on mitochondrial sequences, but provided no evidence for independent isolated evolutionary development of RABV in different arctic fox lineages. These data are invaluable to support future initiatives for arctic fox rabies control and elimination in Greenland.

Dataset Information

Molecular evolutionary analysis reveals Arctic-like rabies viruses evolved and dispersed independently in North and South Asia.

Background

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Molecular evolutionary analysis reveals Arctic-like rabies viruses evolved and dispersed independently in North and South Asia.

Similar Datasets

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