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Medicine at mass gatherings: current progress of preparedness of emergency medical services and disaster medical response during 2020 Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games from the perspective of the Academic Consortium (AC2020).

ABSTRACT: Mass gatherings are events characterized by "the concentration of people at a specific location for a specific purpose over a set period of time that have the potential to strain the planning and response resources of the host country or community." Previous reports showed that, as a result of the concentration of people in the limited area, injury and illness occurred due to several factors. The response plan should aim to provide timely medical care to the patients and to reduce the burden on emergency hospitals, and to maintain a daily emergency medical services system for residents of the local area. Although a mass gathering event will place a significant burden on the local health-care system, it can provide the opportunity for long-term benefits of public health-care and improvement of daily medical service systems after the end of the event. The next Olympic and Paralympic Games will be held in Tokyo, during which mass gatherings will occur on a daily basis in the context of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic. The Academic Consortium on Emergency Medical Services and Disaster Medical Response Plan during the Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games in 2020 (AC2020) was launched 2016, consisting of 28 academic societies in Japan, it has released statements based on assessments of medical risk and publishing guidelines and manuals on its website. This paper outlines the issues and countermeasures for emergency and disaster medical care related to the holding of this big event, focusing on the activities of the academic consortium.

SUBMITTER: Morimura N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7852170 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jan-Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Medicine at mass gatherings: current progress of preparedness of emergency medical services and disaster medical response during 2020 Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games from the perspective of the Academic Consortium (AC2020).

Morimura Naoto N Mizobata Yasumitsu Y Sugita Manabu M Takeda Satoshi S Kiyozumi Tetsuro T Shoko Tomohisa T Inoue Yoshiaki Y Otomo Yasuhiro Y Sakurai Atsushi A Koido Yuichi Y Tanabe Seizan S Okumura Tetsu T Yamasawa Fumihiro F Tanaka Hideharu H Kinoshi Tomoya T Kaku Koki K Matsuda Kiyoshi K Kitamura Nobuya N Hayakawa Tatsuya T Kuroda Yasuhiro Y Kuroki Yumiko Y Sasaki Junichi J Oda Jun J Inokuchi Masataka M Kakuta Toru T Arai Satoru S Sato Noriaki N Matsuura Hiroyuki H Nozawa Masahiro M Osamura Toshio T Yamashita Kazunori K Okudera Hiroshi H Kawana Akihiko A Koshinaga Tsugumichi T Hirano Satoshi S Sugawara Erisa E Kamata Michihiro M Tajiri Yasuhito Y Kohno Mototsugu M Suzuki Michiyasu M Nakase Hiroyuki H Suehiro Eiichi E Yamase Hiroaki H Otake Hiroshi H Morisaki Hiroshi H Ozawa Akiko A Takahashi Sho S Otsuka Kotaro K Harikae Kiyokazu K Kishi Kazuo K Mizuno Hiroshi H Nakajima Hideaki H Ueta Hiroki H Nagayama Masao M Kikuchi Migaku M Yokota Hiroyuki H Shimazu Takeshi T Yukioka Tetsuo T

Acute medicine & surgery 20210101 1

Mass gatherings are events characterized by "the concentration of people at a specific location for a specific purpose over a set period of time that have the potential to strain the planning and response resources of the host country or community." Previous reports showed that, as a result of the concentration of people in the limited area, injury and illness occurred due to several factors. The response plan should aim to provide timely medical care to the patients and to reduce the burden on ...[more]

PMID: 33552526

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Project description:The 2020 Olympic/Paralympic Games have been postponed to 2021, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We developed a model that integrated source-environment-receptor pathways to evaluate how preventive efforts can reduce the infection risk among spectators at the opening ceremony of Tokyo Olympic Games. We simulated viral loads of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emitted from infectors through talking/coughing/sneezing and modeled temporal environmental behaviors, including virus inactivation and transfer. We performed Monte Carlo simulations to estimate the expected number of newly infected individuals with and without preventive measures, yielding the crude probability of a spectator being an infector among the 60,000 people expected to attend the opening ceremony. Two indicators, i.e., the expected number of newly infected individuals and the newly infected individuals per infector entry, were proposed to demonstrate the extent of achievable infection risk reduction levels by implementing possible preventive measures. A no-prevention scenario produced 1.5-1.7 newly infected individuals per infector entry, whereas a combination of cooperative preventive measures by organizers and the spectators achieved a 99% risk reduction, corresponding to 0.009-0.012 newly infected individuals per infector entry. The expected number of newly infected individuals was calculated as 0.005 for the combination of cooperative preventive scenarios with the crude probability of a spectator being an infector of 1 × 10-5. Based on our estimates, a combination of cooperative preventions between organizers and spectators is required to prevent a viral spread at the Tokyo Olympic/Paralympic Games. Further, under the assumption that society accepts < 10 newly infected persons traced to events held during the entire Olympic/Paralympic Games, we propose a crude probability of infectors of < 5 × 10-5 as a benchmark for the suppression of the infection. This is the first study to develop a model that can assess the infection risk among spectators due to exposure pathways at a mass gathering event.

Dataset Information

Medicine at mass gatherings: current progress of preparedness of emergency medical services and disaster medical response during 2020 Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games from the perspective of the Academic Consortium (AC2020).

Publications

Medicine at mass gatherings: current progress of preparedness of emergency medical services and disaster medical response during 2020 Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games from the perspective of the Academic Consortium (AC2020).

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