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Improving social-emotional competence in internationally adopted children with the Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up intervention.

ABSTRACT: Children adopted internationally experience adverse conditions prior to adoption, placing them at risk for problematic social-emotional development. The Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up (ABC) intervention was designed to help internationally adoptive parents behave in ways that promote young children's social-emotional competence. Participants included 131 parent-child dyads randomly assigned to receive either ABC (n = 65) or a control intervention (n = 66). In addition, 48 low-risk biologically related parent-child dyads were included as a comparison group. At follow-up assessments conducted when children were 24 to 36 months old, internationally adopted children who received the ABC intervention had higher levels of parent-reported social-emotional competence than children who received a control intervention. In addition, observational assessments conducted when children were 48 and 60 months of age showed that internationally adopted children who received ABC demonstrated higher social-emotional competence than children who received a control intervention. Adopted children who received the control intervention, but not the ABC intervention, displayed more difficulties with social-emotional competence than low-risk children. Finally, postintervention parent sensitivity mediated the effect of ABC on observed child social-emotional competence in parent interactions, controlling for preintervention parent sensitivity. These results demonstrate the efficacy of a parenting-focused intervention in enhancing social-emotional competence among children adopted internationally.

SUBMITTER: Lind T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7854831 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:ImportanceParenting interventions have been found to normalize cortisol regulation among high-risk children early in development; it is important to investigate the sustainability of these effects and their mechanisms, given the maladaptive outcomes associated with cortisol dysregulation.ObjectiveTo determine whether the Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up (ABC) intervention, implemented in infancy, predicts cortisol regulation in middle childhood via changes in early parental sensitivity.DesignDouble blind randomized clinical trial design; started January 2006, the follow-up for this project concluded March 2016.SettingParents of children under age 2 referred from child protective services agencies in a large, mid-Atlantic city.Participants103 parent-child dyads (45.6% female children) with histories of child protective services involvement, randomly assigned to receive ABC (n = 45) or a control intervention (n = 58); in infancy, the children's ages ranged from 1.60 to 25.30 months (M = 9.87 months); at the middle childhood follow-up, they ranged from 8.0 to 11.0 years old (M = 8.52 years).InterventionsBoth conditions included 10-week, in-home, manualized interventions. The experimental condition, ABC, has 3 primary targets for parents: increasing nurturance to child distress, increasing following the child's lead, and decreasing frightening behavior. The control intervention, Developmental Education for Families (DEF), is an adaptation of a program focused on enhancing cognitive and language development.Main outcomes and measuresParental sensitivity was coded from a semi-structured interaction task between the parent and child in early childhood. Middle childhood diurnal cortisol slopes were modeled by collecting salivary cortisol samples from children at wake-up and bedtime over the course of 3 consecutive days.ResultsABC participation in infancy was associated with increased parental sensitivity post-intervention, β = 0.28, p = .004, and this increased sensitivity predicted steeper decline across the day in children's cortisol concentration in middle childhood, β = -.53, p = .002. The indirect effect of ABC on cortisol regulation via sensitivity was significant, β = -0.15, p = .038.Conclusions and relevanceABC has an indirect effect on middle childhood diurnal cortisol regulation via parental sensitivity; future research should seek to determine how this enhanced neurobiological regulation relates to children's behavioral, socioemotional, and psychological outcomes.Trial registrationclinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT02093052.

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Improving social-emotional competence in internationally adopted children with the Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up intervention.

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