Head, Neck, and Traumatic Brain Injury Among Children Involved in Sports: Results From the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study.
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ABSTRACT: Purpose
The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of head and neck injury (HNI) requiring hospitalization or emergency care and traumatic brain injury with loss of consciousness (TBI-LOC) among youth athletes and nonathletes (ages 9-10 years) using the baseline cohort of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study.Methods
National data from the baseline cohort of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study (2016-2018; n = 11,869) were analyzed.Results
The analysis found that 12.1% of the sample indicated HNI during their lifetime, while .8% indicated TBI-LOC. Participation in multiple sports (adjusted prevalence rate ratio [aPRR] = 1.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06,1.55), contact sports (aPRR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.05,1.34), and who had participated in sport for five or more years (aPRR = 1.42, 95% CI =1.16,1.73) had modestly higher prevalence rate ratios of reporting HNI compared to nonparticipants. Sport participation was not found to be associated with TBI-LOC.Conclusions
The study provides needed epidemiological information on the prevalence of HNI and TBI-LOC among younger adolescents who participate in sports. While the risk of TBI-LOC appears to be low among youth athletes and nonathletes, the risk of more serious head injuries may increase due to length of participation in sport and involvement in high contact sports.
SUBMITTER: Veliz P
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7855291 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a clinical diagnosis of neurological dysfunction following head trauma, typically presenting with acute symptoms of some degree of cognitive impairment. There are an estimated 1.7 to 3.8 million TBIs each year in the United States, approximately 10 percent of which are due to sports and recreational activities. Most brain injuries are self-limited with symptom resolution within one week, however, a growing amount of data is now establishing significant sequelae from even minor impacts such as headaches, prolonged cognitive impairments, or even death. Appropriate diagnosis and treatment according to standardized guidelines are crucial when treating athletes who may be subjected to future head trauma, possibly increasing their likelihood of long-term impairments.
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Project description:ImportanceExposure to traumatic brain injury (TBI) has raised widespread concern over participation in sports, particularly over possible long-term consequences. However, little is known about the outcomes of individuals presenting to hospitals with sports-related TBI.ObjectiveTo compare the characteristics and outcomes of individuals presenting to hospitals with sports-related and non-sports-related TBI.Design, setting, and participantsThe CENTER-TBI (Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in TBI) observational cohort study was conducted at hospitals in 18 countries. The study enrolled 4509 patients who had TBI and had an indication for computed tomography (CT), of whom 4360 were 16 years or older. Outcomes were assessed at 3 and 6 months, and groups were compared using regression analyses adjusting for clinical and demographic differences. Data were collected between December 9, 2014, and December 17, 2017, and analyzed from August 2022 to March 2023.ExposureSports-related and non-sports-related TBI with subgroups selected by severity of injury.Main outcomes and measuresThe main outcome was the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOSE) at 6 months, with secondary outcomes covering postconcussion symptoms, health-related quality of life, and mental health.ResultsA total of 4360 patients were studied, including 256 (6%) with sports-related TBI (mean [SD] age, 38.9 [18.1] years; 161 [63%] male) and 4104 with non-sports-related TBI (mean [SD] age, 51.0 [20.2] years; 2773 [68%] male). Compared with patients with non-sports-related TBI, patients with sports-related TBI were younger, more likely to have tertiary education, more likely to be previously healthy, and less likely to have a major extracranial injury. After adjustment, the groups did not differ in incomplete recovery (GOSE scores <8) at 6 months (odds ratio [OR], 1.27; 95% CI, 0.90-1.78; P = .22 for all patients; OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 0.83-1.73; P = .34 for those with mild TBI; and OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.74-1.92; P = .65 for those with mild TBI and negative CT findings). At 6 months, there was incomplete recovery in 103 of 223 patients (46%) with outcomes in the sports-related TBI group, 65 of 168 (39%) in those with mild sports-related TBI, and 30 of 98 (31%) in those with mild sports-related TBI and negative CT findings. In contrast, at 6 months, the sports-related TBI group had lower prevalence of anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and postconcussion symptoms than the non-sports-related group.Conclusions and relevanceIn this cohort study of 4360 patients with TBI, functional limitations 6 months after injury were common after sports-related TBI, even mild sports-related TBI. Persisting impairment was evident in the sports-related TBI group despite better recovery compared with non-sports-related TBI on measures of mental health and postconcussion symptoms. These findings caution against taking an overoptimistic view of outcomes after sports-related TBI, even if the initial injury appears mild.
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Project description:Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study
| PRJNA671429 | ENA
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Project description:Objective To examine the literature to understand the extent that music-associated head banging (MAHB), a common form of self-expression that involves rhythmically swinging one's head to music, is a risk factor for traumatic brain injury (TBI), to identify areas for further research, and to inform primary prevention strategies. Data Sources A comprehensive search of several databases from database inception to June 30, 2021, was designed and conducted by an experienced librarian with input from study investigators. Study Selection Study inclusion criteria encompassed all study designs evaluating TBI associated with MAHB. Two independent reviewers reviewed all titles, abstracts, and full texts. Data Extraction Data were extracted by 2 independent reviewers, and results were summarized descriptively. Data Synthesis Of 407 eligible studies, 13 met inclusion criteria. All included studies were case reports from multiple countries describing a case of moderate-severe TBI occurring as a direct consequence of MAHB. Of the individuals reported (n=13), they had 1 or more of the following: traumatic subdural hematoma (n=8), internal carotid artery dissection (n=2), basilar artery thrombosis (n=2), traumatic vertebral artery aneurism (n=1), or intracerebral hemorrhage (n=1). No studies were found involving mild TBI after MAHB. Conclusions This scoping review suggests that MAHB is a risk factor for moderate-severe TBI, although the incidence of mild TBI after MAHB remains unknown. Additional research is needed to understand the association of TBI after MAHB through the spectrum of injury severity, including the potential sequelae of multiple subconcussive injuries.
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