Project description:A 28-year-old male presented with three full-thickness stromal wooden foreign bodies vertically oriented in the left cornea. An innovative intracameral approach was used. Paracentesis was done and healon was injected into the anterior chamber. Iris repositor was introduced into the anterior chamber and the area of foreign bodies was pushed up to compress the stroma. The wooden foreign body projected above the corneal surface and were picked up one by one using McPherson forceps. One of the foreign bodies has penetrated through the Descemet's membrane resulting a corneal perforation. A corneal perforation was confirmed by observing egress of the irrigating solution, injected into the anterior chamber through the paracentesis opening. The corneal perforation was sealed with corneal glue. He achieved 6/9 BCVA (OS) at 8 weeks and maintained it during18 months follow-up.
Project description:We describe the benefits of perfluoro-N-octane (PFO), a perfluorocarbon liquid, in the removal of nonmagnetic intraocular foreign bodies (IOFBs) from the macula and posterior segment. Two consecutive cases of posterior segment IOFB were reviewed. An 18-year-old male presented to the emergency room after a motor vehicle accident with a zone 1 open globe injury and large glass IOFB in the left eye. A 53-year-old male presented to the emergency room with a history of a 3-week delayed presentation of a zone 1 open globe injury from a nail to the right eye. He was found to have a metallic IOFB. In both cases, PFO was used to slide the nonmagnetic IOFBs outside of the macula for safer retrieval. PFO was also able to protect the posterior pole from IOFB drops during early attempts at removal. PFO can be a useful surgical adjunct to pars plana vitrectomy in the removal of certain nonmagnetic IOFBs.
Project description:Objectives:Foreign bodies of the external and middle ear are not uncommon; however, foreign bodies in the eustachian tube are rare. Here we describe the presentation, imaging, and endoscopic-assisted surgical management of a case of eustachian tube foreign body. Methods:A 34-year-old male was seen for evaluation of foreign body of the left eustachian tube while working with metal at a machine shop. Imaging and surgical management are highlighted and review of available literature regarding foreign bodies of the eustachian tube is presented. Results:A CT scan revealed a foreign body present approximately 1?cm into the bony eustachian tube. The patient underwent middle ear exploration which required endoscopic assistance to adequately visualize the foreign body. The foreign body was unable to be removed and required the creation of a bony tunnel lateral to the eustachian tube for visualization and access to the foreign body. Conclusions:This report presents a rare case of eustachian tube foreign body. Use of the endoscope during the surgical removal greatly enhanced the ease and safety of removal. This report also highlights the importance of ear protection with any machining and welding work.
Project description:Achalasia and Treatment of esophageal Adenocarcinoma are commonly associated to surgical resection. Newer technologies in interventional endoscopy gave way to a substantial paradigm shift in the management of these conditions. In the case of achalasia, endoscopic myotomy is rapidly displacing Heller's myotomy as the gold standard in many centers. Early stage neoplasia in Barrett's esophagus (BE) comprising high-grade dysplasia (HGD), intramucosal and, in some cases, submucosal carcinoma is now being treated without the need of esophagectomy. This review presents a summary of the most relevant endoscopic techniques for both achalasia and esophageal cancer. Endoscopic advances in diagnostic and therapeutic arenas allow for minimally invasive therapies and organ preservation in most settings of achalasia and early stage neoplasia of the esophagus provided that the clinical setting and physician's expertise are prepared for this approach.
Project description:We report an interesting case of a 21-year-old unmarried girl who swallowed six sewing needles. Her complaints were pain in the epigastrium, associated with nausea and vomiting. On examination, there was mild tenderness in the epigastrium. X-ray of the abdomen and endoscopy confirmed the presence of six needles in the duodenum, with tips lodged in the duodenal wall. Psychiatric opinion was sought which was normal. Under video endoscope (Pentax 2.8, EG 27708) guidance with Captura biopsy forceps without spikes (Cook DBF-2.4-160-S), six sewing needles were removed successfully from the duodenum through the endoscope channel without any complications. However, a video endoscopic removal of the retained six needles from duodenum is probably being reported for the first time.
Project description:We have developed a system that makes it possible to study the fate of a foreign polypeptide that is inserted in the plasma membrane. Diphtheria toxin is a bacterial protein toxin that, upon acidification, has the ability to insert into the plasma membrane from the outside of eukaryotic cells. We present results that indicate endocytic uptake and degradation of the diphtheria toxin B-fragment after insertion into the membrane of Vero cells. The degradation rate of the fragment was found to be very high (t1/2 = 6 min) and dependent on cleavage of the extracellular part of the polypeptide with protease. Degradation was strongly inhibited in ATP-depleted cells, as well as at temperatures below 18 degrees C, and it was partially inhibited when the cytosol was acidified to block endocytosis from clathrin-coated pits. Degradation was also reduced in the presence of NH4Cl. The results indicate that the inserted and cleaved B-fragment is degraded by a process requiring endocytosis and transport to late endosomes or to lysosomes.
Project description:Introduction:The swallowing of foreign bodies can be accidental or intentional. The majority of the cases of accidental foreign body ingestion are observed in children. In adults, foreign body ingestion can be accidental, related to specific pathological changes of the digestive tract, or deliberate, as observed in patients with psychiatric diseases or in those released from the prison. Case presentation:A 42-year-old male was admitted to the emergency department with symptoms including choking, drooling from the mouth, holding his neck, and aphonia. He had a history of psychiatric illness with suicidal ingestion of a foreign body. After stabilization, he was sent for chest radiograph, which revealed a significant radiopaque shadow the shape of a spanner, occupying the whole length of the esophagus. Emergency rigid esophagoscopy was performed to save the patient's life. Discussion:The patient swallowed the largest hard foreign body to harm himself or his family, to get the attention of his family, or as a suicide attempt. Such patients require urgent intervention by rigid esophagoscopy to reduce the risk of complications and to save the patients' lives. Further follow-up is essential due to the possibility of repeated foreign body ingestion. Conclusion:While taking care of psychiatric patients, close observation by family members is mandatory to prevent them from harming themselves and to prevent suicide attempts by swallowing sharp, hard, large, and dangerous foreign bodies such as the size 17 wrench spanner observed in the present case.
Project description:This is a prospective clinical assay that included six patients who were diagnosed with penetrating corneal injury, traumatic cataract, and posterior segment intraocular foreign body (IOFB). Following anterior segment repair and extraction of traumatic cataract by clear cornea phacoemulsification, a standard 25-gauge transconjunctival pars plana vitrectomy was performed to find and release the IOFB. With active suction using a 25-gauge silicone tipped cannula, the foreign body was retrieved and safely placed in the anterior chamber. After stabilization of the anterior chamber with viscoelastic injection, IOFB extraction through the main phaco incision was easily performed, followed by placement of an intraocular lens. Of the six patients, 66.6% showed a significant improvement of visual acuity. No complications associated directly with the surgical procedure occurred. Our surgical technique is a safe alternative for handling and removing a posterior IOFB. There was no need for a scleral incision.
Project description:The variability of eosinophilic infiltrates in eosinophilic esophagitis is not well described. This study aimed to determine the distribution of esophageal eosinophilia and the utility of histologic cut-points for eosinophilic esophagitis diagnosis in subjects undergoing endoscopy. We performed a prospective study of adults undergoing outpatient endoscopy. Research protocol esophageal biopsies were obtained from all subjects. Incident cases of eosinophilic esophagitis were diagnosed per consensus guidelines. Biopsies were interpreted following a validated protocol, and maximum eosinophil counts (eosinophils per high-power field; eos/hpf) were determined. Histologic analyses were performed on a per-patient, per-biopsy, and per-hpf basis. There were 213 patients, yielding 923 esophageal biopsies with 4588 hpfs. Overall, 48 patients (23%), 165 biopsy fragments (18%), and 449 hpfs (10%) had ?15 eos/hpf; most subjects had no or low levels of eosinophils. In the eosinophilic esophagitis cases, 119 biopsy fragments (63%) and 332 hpfs (36%) had ?15 eos/hpf. There was a mean 104-fold difference between the lowest and highest hpf eosinophil count for the eosinophilic esophagitis patients; 85% of the biopsies from eosinophilic esophagitis cases also had at least one hpf with <15 eos/hpf. The cut-point of 15 eos/hpf had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 96% for diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis. In conclusion, most patients have little to no esophageal eosinophilia. In patients with eosinophilic esophagitis, there was marked variability in the eosinophil counts by biopsy and by hpf within a given biopsy. Additionally, the 15 eos/hpf cut-point was highly sensitive and specific for eosinophilic esophagitis. Multiple esophageal biopsies from different locations should be obtained to optimize eosinophilic esophagitis diagnosis.
Project description:Bladder foreign bodies have been reported with a great variety, including daily objects and even living things. Except for these, thermometer in bladder were reported with several cases. Due to the limitations of surgical equipment, the removal of bladder thermometer was initially performed with manipulation combined with forceps for female patients, and now it has been taken out with the assistance of various endoscopes. In this report, a 25 years old male inserted a thermometer in his bladder, and a transurethral cystoscopic removal procedure was conducted with a stone extractor.