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Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 protect against re-infection during outbreaks in care homes, September and October 2020.

ABSTRACT: Two London care homes experienced a second COVID-19 outbreak, with 29/209 (13.9%) SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR-positive cases (16/103 residents, 13/106 staff). In those with prior SARS-CoV-2 exposure, 1/88 (1.1%) individuals (antibody positive: 87; RT-PCR-positive: 1) became PCR-positive compared with 22/73 (30.1%) with confirmed seronegative status. After four months protection offered by prior infection against re-infection was 96.2% (95% confidence interval (CI): 72.7-99.5%) using risk ratios from comparison of proportions and 96.1% (95% CI: 78.8-99.3%) using a penalised logistic regression model.

SUBMITTER: Jeffery-Smith A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7863231 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 protect against re-infection during outbreaks in care homes, September and October 2020.

Jeffery-Smith Anna A Iyanger Nalini N Williams Sarah V SV Chow J Yimmy JY Aiano Felicity F Hoschler Katja K Lackenby Angie A Ellis Joanna J Platt Steven S Miah Shahjahan S Brown Kevin K Amirthalingam Gayatri G Patel Monika M Ramsay Mary E ME Gopal Robin R Charlett Andre A Ladhani Shamez N SN Zambon Maria M

Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin 20210201 5

Two London care homes experienced a second COVID-19 outbreak, with 29/209 (13.9%) SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR-positive cases (16/103 residents, 13/106 staff). In those with prior SARS-CoV-2 exposure, 1/88 (1.1%) individuals (antibody positive: 87; RT-PCR-positive: 1) became PCR-positive compared with 22/73 (30.1%) with confirmed seronegative status. After four months protection offered by prior infection against re-infection was 96.2% (95% confidence interval (CI): 72.7-99.5%) using risk ratios from compa ...[more]

PMID: 33541486

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Project description:ImportanceCase-based surveillance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection likely underestimates the true prevalence of infections. Large-scale seroprevalence surveys can better estimate infection across many geographic regions.ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of persons with SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using residual sera from commercial laboratories across the US and assess changes over time.Design, setting, and participantsThis repeated, cross-sectional study conducted across all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico used a convenience sample of residual serum specimens provided by persons of all ages that were originally submitted for routine screening or clinical management from 2 private clinical commercial laboratories. Samples were obtained during 4 collection periods: July 27 to August 13, August 10 to August 27, August 24 to September 10, and September 7 to September 24, 2020.ExposuresInfection with SARS-CoV-2.Main outcomes and measuresThe proportion of persons previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 as measured by the presence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 by 1 of 3 chemiluminescent immunoassays. Iterative poststratification was used to adjust seroprevalence estimates to the demographic profile and urbanicity of each jurisdiction. Seroprevalence was estimated by jurisdiction, sex, age group (0-17, 18-49, 50-64, and ≥65 years), and metropolitan/nonmetropolitan status.ResultsOf 177 919 serum samples tested, 103 771 (58.3%) were from women, 26 716 (15.0%) from persons 17 years or younger, 47 513 (26.7%) from persons 65 years or older, and 26 290 (14.8%) from individuals living in nonmetropolitan areas. Jurisdiction-level seroprevalence over 4 collection periods ranged from less than 1% to 23%. In 42 of 49 jurisdictions with sufficient samples to estimate seroprevalence across all periods, fewer than 10% of people had detectable SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Seroprevalence estimates varied between sexes, across age groups, and between metropolitan/nonmetropolitan areas. Changes from period 1 to 4 were less than 7 percentage points in all jurisdictions and varied across sites.Conclusions and relevanceThis cross-sectional study found that as of September 2020, most persons in the US did not have serologic evidence of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, although prevalence varied widely by jurisdiction. Biweekly nationwide testing of commercial clinical laboratory sera can play an important role in helping track the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the US.

Dataset Information

Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 protect against re-infection during outbreaks in care homes, September and October 2020.

Publications

Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 protect against re-infection during outbreaks in care homes, September and October 2020.

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