Dataset Information

Youth and Young Adult Use of Pod-Based Electronic Cigarettes From 2015 to 2019: A Systematic Review.

ABSTRACT:

Importance

The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has rapidly increased among youth and young adults, but knowledge gaps exist on the potential health effects of using recently introduced pod-based e-cigarettes.

Objective

To conduct a systematic review of recent peer-reviewed scientific literature on pod-based e-cigarettes.

Evidence review

A search of online databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and EBSCO HOST, was conducted to identify pod-based e-cigarette-associated articles from June 2015 (the time when JUUL [JUUL Labs] was introduced) to June 2019. We included English-language articles that presented primary data on pod-based e-cigarettes.

Findings

Pod-based e-cigarettes represent a substantial evolution in design by increasing the efficient delivery of nicotine. While these products may contain less harmful constituents than other types of e-cigarettes and cigarettes, there is no evidence that the levels found are safe among youth. There is evidence for higher nicotine dependence associated with their use. Pod-based e-cigarette brands, compared with other e-cigarette brands, have targeted youth and young adults with social media marketing. There was less discussion about the use of these products as smoking cessation devices or their health risks on social media. The social acceptability and favorable perceptions of pod-based e-cigarettes may underlie the use of these products.

Conclusions and relevance

The appeal and dependence potential of pod-based e-cigarettes for youth emphasize the need for stronger regulations on product design, social media, marketing channels, and youth access together with health communications that emphasize the risks of nicotine dependence.

SUBMITTER: Lee SJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7863733 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Youth and Young Adult Use of Pod-Based Electronic Cigarettes From 2015 to 2019: A Systematic Review.

Lee Stella Juhyun SJ Rees Vaughan W VW Yossefy Noam N Emmons Karen M KM Tan Andy S L ASL

JAMA pediatrics 20200701 7

<h4>Importance</h4>The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has rapidly increased among youth and young adults, but knowledge gaps exist on the potential health effects of using recently introduced pod-based e-cigarettes.<h4>Objective</h4>To conduct a systematic review of recent peer-reviewed scientific literature on pod-based e-cigarettes.<h4>Evidence review</h4>A search of online databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and EBSCO HOST, was conducted to identify pod-based e-c ...[more]

PMID: 32478809

Similar Datasets

Project description:ImportanceElectronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are the most commonly used tobacco product among adolescents and young adults, and the new pod-based e-cigarette devices may put adolescents and young adults at increased risk for polytobacco use and nicotine dependence.ObjectiveTo build an evidence base for perceptions of risk from and use of pod-based e-cigarettes among adolescents and young adults.Design, setting, and participantsIn a survey study, a cross-sectional analysis was performed of data collected from April 6 to June 20, 2018, from 445 California adolescents and young adults as part of an ongoing prospective cohort study designed to measure the use and perceptions of tobacco products.ExposuresUse of pod-based e-cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and cigarettes.Main outcomes and measuresEver use, past 7-day use, and past 30-day use and co-use of pod-based e-cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and cigarettes; use of flavors and nicotine in pod-based e-cigarettes and e-cigarettes; and associated perceptions of risks, benefits, and nicotine dependence.ResultsAmong 445 adolescents and young adults (280 females, 140 males, 6 transgender individuals, and 19 missing data; mean [SD] age, 19.3 [1.7] years) who completed wave 6 of the ongoing prospective cohort study, ever use information was provided by 437 respondents, of which 68 (15.6%) reported use of pod-based e-cigarettes, 133 (30.4%) reported use of e-cigarettes, and 106 (24.3%) reported use of cigarettes. The mean (SD) number of days that pod-based e-cigarettes were used in the past 7 days was 1.5 (2.4) and in the past 30 days was 6.7 (10.0). The mean (SD) number of days that other e-cigarettes were used in the past 7 days was 0.8 (1.8) and in the past 30 days was 3.2 (7.4). The mean (SD) number of days that cigarettes were used in the past 7 days was 0.7 (1.8) and in the past 30 days was 3.0 (7.6). Among ever users of pod-based e-cigarettes, 18 (26.5%) reported their first e-liquid was flavored menthol or mint and 19 (27.9%) reported fruit (vs 13 [9.8%] and 50 [37.6%] for other e-cigarettes). The mean perceived chance of experiencing social risks and short-term and long-term health risks from the use of either pod-based e-cigarettes or other e-cigarettes was 40% and did not differ statistically by e-cigarette type. Among 34 adolescents and young adults reporting any loss of autonomy from nicotine, there was no difference in mean (SD) Hooked On Nicotine Checklist scores between those using pod-based e-cigarettes (2.59 [3.14]) and other e-cigarettes (2.32 [2.55]).Conclusions and relevanceUse by adolescents and young adults of newer types of e-cigarettes such as pod-based systems is increasing rapidly, and adolescents and young adults report corresponding misperceptions and lack of knowledge about these products. Rapid innovation by e-cigarette manufacturers suggests that public health and prevention efforts appear to be needed to include messages targeting components common to all current and emerging e-cigarette products to increase knowledge and decrease misperceptions, with the goal to try to ultimately reduce e-cigarette use among adolescents and young adults.

Project description:We report the country-level prevalence of awareness about electronic cigarette use, and 'dual use' and its association with age, sex, country income, and e-cigarette regulatory status. We analyzed the most recent Global Youth Tobacco Surveys done on nationally representative samples of school-going youth aged 13-15 years in 75 countries/territories. The weighted prevalence of 'awareness' (heard about e-cigarettes), 'ever use' (even tried a few puffs), 'current use' (during the last 30 days), and 'dual use' (e-cigarette use and cigarette smoking during the last 30 days) were estimated. Awareness was > 80% in 13 countries mostly from Europe Poland being the highest at 95.8% (95% CI 94.8- 96.6). In seven countries, 30-50% of the youth had ever used an e-cigarette, Italy was the highest at 55.1% (95%CI 51-3,58.9). In 30 countries, current e-cigarette use was > 10%, the highest of 35.1% (95%CI 32.4-38.0) in Guam. Awareness and use were highest in the European region (74.6% and 34.5%) and HIC (83.6% and 39.4%). Youth from HIC (compared to lMIC) and countries having restrictive e-cigarette regulations (compared to NRP) had 2.4 times (aOR 2.2.4, 95% CI 2.2, 2.7) and 1.8 times (aOR 1.8, 95% CI 1.6, 2.0) higher odds of being current e-cigarette users respectively. Youth in countries with the most restrictive e-cigarette regulations (compared to NRP) had 0.6 times lower odds of being current e-cigarette users (aOR 0.6, 95% CI 0.6, 0.7). Awareness and e-cigarette use varied by sex, country income level, and region. Continued global surveillance of youth e-cigarette use is needed for the formulation of e-cigarette regulatory policy. Awareness and use of e-cigarettes were higher among boys, in countries in Europe and America regions, and among those with higher income and restrictive policies, whereas it was lower in countries having the most restrictive policies. Higher awareness is strongly correlated with a trial and current use of e-cigarettes. E-cigarette marketing should be restricted, and continued surveillance of e-cigarette use is needed. Most restrictive policies such as the ban on e-cigarettes appear to reduce e-cigarette use among the youth.

Project description:Our purpose was to test the hypothesis that ultrasonic cigarettes (u-cigarettes), which operate at relatively low temperatures, produce aerosols that are less harmful than heated-coil pod-style electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). The major chemicals in SURGE u-cigarette fluids and aerosols were quantified, their cytotoxicity and cellular effects were assessed, and a Margin of Exposure risk assessment was performed on chemicals in SURGE fluids. Four SURGE u-cigarette flavor variants ("Blueberry Ice," "Watermelon Ice," "Green Mint," and "Polar Mint") were evaluated. Flavor chemicals were quantified in fluids and aerosols using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Cytotoxicity and cell dynamics were assessed using the MTT assay, live-cell imaging, and fluorescence microscopy. WS-23 (a coolant) and total flavor chemical concentrations in SURGE were similar to e-cigarettes, while SURGE nicotine concentrations (13-19 mg/mL) were lower than many fourth generation e-cigarettes. Transfer efficiencies of dominant chemicals to aerosols in SURGE ranged from 44-100%. SURGE fluids and aerosols had four dominant flavor chemicals (>1 mg/mL). Toxic aldehydes were usually higher in SURGE aerosols than in SURGE fluids. SURGE fluids and aerosols had aldehyde concentrations significantly higher than pod-style e-cigarettes. Chemical constituents, solvent ratios, and aldehydes varied among SURGE flavor variants. SURGE fluids and aerosols inhibited cell growth and mitochondrial reductases, produced attenuated and round cells, and depolymerized actin filaments, effects that depended on pod flavor, chemical constituents, and concentration. The MOEs for nicotine, WS-23, and propylene glycol were <100 based on consumption of 1-2 SURGE u-cigarettes/day. Replacing the heating coil with a sonicator did not eliminate chemicals, including aldehydes, in aerosols or diminish toxicity in comparisons between SURGE and other e-cigarette pod products. The high concentrations of nicotine, WS-23, flavor chemicals, and aldehydes and the cytotoxicity of SURGE aerosols do not support the hypothesis that aerosols from u-cigarettes are less harmful than those from e-cigarettes.

Project description:ObjectivesEvaluate trends from 2011-2015 in electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use among U.S. adolescents, grades 6-12, including prevalence and associations with past month use of cigarettes and other tobacco products, cigarette smoking intensity, quit attempts, and quit contemplation.MethodsFive consecutive waves from the National Youth Tobacco Survey (N = 101,011) were used to estimate the grade- and race/ethnicity-standardized prevalence of past month use of e-cigarettes and nine non e-cigarette tobacco products. We assessed linear trends by year and compared outcomes (e.g., tobacco use, smoking intensity) by e-cigarette past month use.ResultsPast month e-cigarette use rose sharply from 2011-2015. In all years and both sexes, e-cigarette past month use and ever use were positively associated with use of cigarettes and other tobacco products, with past month e-cigarette use reaching 52% in 2015 among individuals who used ≥1 non e-cigarette tobacco product in the past month. Meanwhile, from 2011-2015, the population of adolescent past month e-cigarette users increasingly encompassed adolescents who were not past month users of other products (females: 19.0% to 41.7%; males: 11.1% to 36.7%) or had never used other products (females: 7.1% to 13.5%; males: 6.7% to 15.0%). Among male (but not female) past month cigarette users, there was a statistically significant positive association between past month e-cigarette use and daily cigarette smoking but not in all individual years. Past month e-cigarette use among past month cigarette smokers was not associated with cigarette quit attempts or quit contemplation, with no temporal trend.ConclusionAdolescent past month e-cigarette use is associated with past month use of other tobacco but not with cigarette quit attempts or quit contemplation among cigarette users. Over five years, the average characteristics of U.S. adolescents who use e-cigarettes have shifted, increasingly including more adolescents who do not use non e-cigarette tobacco products.

Dataset Information

Youth and Young Adult Use of Pod-Based Electronic Cigarettes From 2015 to 2019: A Systematic Review.

Importance

Objective

Evidence review

Findings

Conclusions and relevance

Publications

Youth and Young Adult Use of Pod-Based Electronic Cigarettes From 2015 to 2019: A Systematic Review.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets