Dataset Information

How do short-term associations between diet quality and metabolic risk vary with age?

ABSTRACT:

Purpose

Poor diet quality is one of the key contributors to poor cardiovascular health and associated morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to assess how the short-term associations between diet quality and metabolic risk factors change with age.

Methods

This longitudinal, observational study used data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (2008-2016) (n?=?2024). Diet quality was measured using the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) index, fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake, and a F&V biomarker score. We assessed associations between measures of diet quality and a metabolic risk z score (generated from five metabolic risk factors) among those aged 11-60 years, and then tested effect modification by age group (adolescents 11-18 years, young adults 19-35 years, mid-aged adults 36-60 years).

Results

Analysis across all age groups showed inverse associations between standardised DASH index and metabolic risk z score of -?0.19 (95% CI -?0.26, -?0.11). These associations were moderated by age group, with strong associations seen in mid-aged adults: -?0.27 (95% CI -?0.39, -?0.16), but associations were significantly attenuated in young adults [-?0.10 (95% CI -?0.22, 0.01)] and adolescents [0.03 (95% CI -?0.05, 0.11)]. Similar results were found for F&V intake and F&V biomarker score.

Conclusions

Short-term associations between diet quality and metabolic risk are not consistent across adolescent and young adult age groups, suggesting that mechanisms by which diet impacts on metabolic risk may be acting differently in younger age groups compared to adults. Further research is warranted using longitudinal study designs and replication in different populations to understand changes in determinants of cardiometabolic health with age.

SUBMITTER: Winpenny EM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7867538 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

How do short-term associations between diet quality and metabolic risk vary with age?

Winpenny Eleanor M EM van Sluijs Esther M F EMF Forouhi Nita G NG

European journal of nutrition 20200513 1

<h4>Purpose</h4>Poor diet quality is one of the key contributors to poor cardiovascular health and associated morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to assess how the short-term associations between diet quality and metabolic risk factors change with age.<h4>Methods</h4>This longitudinal, observational study used data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (2008-2016) (n = 2024). Diet quality was measured using the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) index, fruit and vegetable ...[more]

PMID: 32399624

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Project description:Background/objectiveMaternal paraben exposure and diet quality are both independently associated with birth outcomes, but whether these interact is unknown. We assessed sex-specific associations of parabens with birth outcomes and differences by maternal diet quality.MethodsIllinois pregnant women (n = 458) provided five first-morning urines collected at 8-40 weeks gestation, which we pooled for quantification of ethylparaben, methylparaben, and propylparaben concentrations. We collected/measured gestational age at delivery, birth weight, body length, and head circumference within 24 h of birth, and calculated sex-specific birth weight-for-gestational-age z-scores and weight/length ratio. Women completed three-month food frequency questionnaires in early and mid-to-late pregnancy, which we used to calculate the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI)-2010. Linear regression models evaluated sex-specific associations of parabens with birth outcomes, and differences in associations by average pregnancy AHEI-2010.ResultsIn this predominately non-Hispanic white, college-educated sample, maternal urinary paraben concentrations were only modestly inversely associated with head circumference and gestational length. However, methylparaben and propylparaben were inversely associated with birth weight, birth weight z-scores, body length, and weight/length ratio in female, but not male newborns. For example, each 2-fold increase in methylparaben concentrations was associated with -46.61 g (95% CI: -74.70, -18.51) lower birth weight, -0.09 (95% CI: -0.15, -0.03) lower birth weight z-scores, -0.21 cm (95% CI: -0.34, -0.07) shorter body length, and -0.64 g/cm (95% CI: -1.10, -0.19) smaller weight/length ratio in females. These inverse associations were more prominent in females of mothers with poorer diets (AHEI-2010 < median), but attenuated in those with healthier diets (AHEI-2010 ≥ median). In newborn males of mothers with healthier diets, moderate inverse associations emerged for propylparaben with gestational length and head circumference.ConclusionsMaternal diet may moderate associations of parabens with birth size in a sex-specific manner. Additional studies may consider understanding the inflammatory and metabolic mechanisms underlying these findings.

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Dataset Information

How do short-term associations between diet quality and metabolic risk vary with age?

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

How do short-term associations between diet quality and metabolic risk vary with age?

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