Dataset Information

How do short-term associations between diet quality and metabolic risk vary with age?

ABSTRACT:

Purpose

Poor diet quality is one of the key contributors to poor cardiovascular health and associated morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to assess how the short-term associations between diet quality and metabolic risk factors change with age.

Methods

This longitudinal, observational study used data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (2008-2016) (n?=?2024). Diet quality was measured using the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) index, fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake, and a F&V biomarker score. We assessed associations between measures of diet quality and a metabolic risk z score (generated from five metabolic risk factors) among those aged 11-60 years, and then tested effect modification by age group (adolescents 11-18 years, young adults 19-35 years, mid-aged adults 36-60 years).

Results

Analysis across all age groups showed inverse associations between standardised DASH index and metabolic risk z score of -?0.19 (95% CI -?0.26, -?0.11). These associations were moderated by age group, with strong associations seen in mid-aged adults: -?0.27 (95% CI -?0.39, -?0.16), but associations were significantly attenuated in young adults [-?0.10 (95% CI -?0.22, 0.01)] and adolescents [0.03 (95% CI -?0.05, 0.11)]. Similar results were found for F&V intake and F&V biomarker score.

Conclusions

Short-term associations between diet quality and metabolic risk are not consistent across adolescent and young adult age groups, suggesting that mechanisms by which diet impacts on metabolic risk may be acting differently in younger age groups compared to adults. Further research is warranted using longitudinal study designs and replication in different populations to understand changes in determinants of cardiometabolic health with age.

SUBMITTER: Winpenny EM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7867538 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

How do short-term associations between diet quality and metabolic risk vary with age?

Winpenny Eleanor M EM van Sluijs Esther M F EMF Forouhi Nita G NG

European journal of nutrition 20200513 1

<h4>Purpose</h4>Poor diet quality is one of the key contributors to poor cardiovascular health and associated morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to assess how the short-term associations between diet quality and metabolic risk factors change with age.<h4>Methods</h4>This longitudinal, observational study used data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (2008-2016) (n = 2024). Diet quality was measured using the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) index, fruit and vegetable ...[more]

PMID: 32399624

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Project description:BackgroundBody mass index (BMI), a well-known risk factor for poor cardiovascular outcomes, is associated with differential DNA methylation (DNAm). Similarly, metabolic health has also been associated with changes in DNAm. It is unclear how overall metabolic health outside of BMI may modify the relationship between BMI and methylation profiles, and what consequences this may have on downstream cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to identify cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites at which the association between BMI and DNAm could be modified by overall metabolic health.ResultsThe discovery study population was derived from three Women's Health Initiative (WHI) ancillary studies (n = 3977) and two Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) ancillary studies (n = 3520). Findings were validated in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) cohort (n = 1200). Generalized linear models regressed methylation β values on the interaction between BMI and metabolic health Z score (BMI × MHZ) adjusted for BMI, MHZ, cell composition, chip number and location, study characteristics, top three ancestry principal components, smoking, age, ethnicity (WHI), and sex (ARIC). Among the 429,566 sites examined, differential associations between BMI × MHZ and DNAm were identified at 22 CpG sites (FDR q < 0.05), with one site replicated in MESA (cg18989722, in the TRAPPC9 gene). Three of the 22 sites were associated with incident coronary heart disease (CHD) in WHI. For each 0.01 unit increase in DNAm β value, the risk of incident CHD increased by 9% in one site and decreased by 6-10% in two sites over 25 years.ConclusionsDifferential associations between DNAm and BMI by MHZ were identified at 22 sites, one of which was validated (cg18989722) and three of which were predictive of incident CHD. These sites are located in several genes related to NF-kappa-B signaling, suggesting a potential role for inflammation between DNA methylation and BMI-associated metabolic health.

Dataset Information

How do short-term associations between diet quality and metabolic risk vary with age?

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

How do short-term associations between diet quality and metabolic risk vary with age?

Similar Datasets

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