Anticoagulation in COVID-19: Effect of Enoxaparin, Heparin, and Apixaban on Mortality.

ABSTRACT:

Background

?Mortality in coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with increases in prothrombotic parameters, particularly D-dimer levels. Anticoagulation has been proposed as therapy to decrease mortality, often adjusted for illness severity.

Objective

?We wanted to investigate whether anticoagulation improves survival in COVID-19 and if this improvement in survival is associated with disease severity.

Methods

?This is a cohort study simulating an intention-to-treat clinical trial, by analyzing the effect on mortality of anticoagulation therapy chosen in the first 48?hours of hospitalization. We analyzed 3,625 COVID-19+ inpatients, controlling for age, gender, glomerular filtration rate, oxygen saturation, ventilation requirement, intensive care unit admission, and time period, all determined during the first 48?hours.

Results

?Adjusted logistic regression analyses demonstrated a significant decrease in mortality with prophylactic use of apixaban (odds ratio [OR] 0.46, p?=?0.001) and enoxaparin (OR?=?0.49, p?=?0.001). Therapeutic apixaban was also associated with decreased mortality (OR 0.57, p?=?0.006) but was not more beneficial than prophylactic use when analyzed over the entire cohort or within D-dimer stratified categories. Higher D-dimer levels were associated with increased mortality (p??10 µg/mL derived the most benefit. There was no increase in transfusion requirement with any of the anticoagulants used.

Conclusion

?We conclude that COVID-19+ patients with moderate or severe illness benefit from anticoagulation and that apixaban has similar efficacy to enoxaparin in decreasing mortality in this disease.

SUBMITTER: Billett HH 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7869055 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature