Complete chloroplast genome sequences of two Alloteropsis species (Poaceae) from China.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Yang Y
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7872562 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BACKGROUND:Phoebe (Lauraceae) comprises of evergreen trees or shrubs with approximately 100 species, distributed in tropical and subtropical Asia and Neotropical America. A total of 34 species and three varieties occur in China. Despite of economic and ecological value, only limited genomic resources are available for this genus. RESULTS:We sequenced the two complete chloroplast (cp) genomes of Phoebe chekiangensis and P. bournei using Illumina sequencing technology via a combined strategy of de novo and reference-guided assembly. We also performed comparative analyses with the cp genomes of P. sheareri and P. sheareri var. oineiensis previously reported. The chloroplast genomes of P. chekiangensis and P. bournei identically contain 112 genes consisting of 78 protein coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and 4 rRNA genes, with the size of 152,849 and 152,853 bp, respectively. From the two chloroplast genomes, 131 SSRs were identified and 12 different SSRs located in five protein coding genes. The analysis showed the extremely conserved structure of chloroplast genomes with surprisingly little variations at the LSC/IR and SSC/IR boundaries. Moreover, the mean nucleotide diversity was found to be 0.162% for 77 regions, suggesting an extraordinarily low level of sequence divergence. Four highest divergent regions (trnH-psbA, rps14-trnT, petA-psbJ, ccsA-ndhD) with the percentage of nucleotide diversity higher than 0.50% were identified, which had potential use for species identification and phylogenetic studies. CONCLUSION:This study will facilitate our understanding of population genetics, phylogenetic relationship and plant evolution of Phoebe species.
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Project description:Amomum tsao-ko and Amomum paratsaoko are well known medicinal and edible plants with a strong fragrance and flavour in China. Here, we have sequenced the two complete chloroplast genomes of Amomum tsao-ko and Amomum paratsaoko, which are 163,612 bp and 163,487 bp in length, respectively, and exhibited LSC and SSC regions separated by a pair of inverted repeat regions. The cp genome of A. tsao-ko has 120 annotated genes, including 82 protein-coding genes, while A. paratsaoko has 121 annotated genes, including 83 protein-coding genes. Both cp genomes contained 30 tRNA genes and 8 rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis using a total chloroplast genome DNA sequence of 28 species revealed a close relationship between A. tsao-ko and A. paratsaoko with 100% bootstrap value.
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Project description:Boehmeria is an important genus; however, no plastid genome has been reported to date. Here we report the complete chloroplast genomes for two Boehmeria species. The chloroplast genomes of Boehmeria umbrosa and Boehmeria spicata were found to be 170920 bp and 170958 in length, respectively, and the GC contents were 35.5 and 35.3%, respectively. The sequences of each species contained 112 unique genes, including 30 tRNA, 4 rRNA, and 78 protein-coding genes. This is the first report of cp genomes for Boehmeria, and will be useful for identifying molecular markers with which to address taxonomic problems in the genus.
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Project description:Genomic events including gene loss, duplication, pseudogenization and rearrangement in plant genomes are valuable sources for exploring and understanding the process of evolution in angiosperms. The family Melanthiaceae is distributed in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere and divided into five tribes (Heloniadeae, Chionographideae, Xerophylleae, Melanthieae and Parideae) based on the molecular phylogenetic analyses. At present, complete chloroplast genomes of the Melanthiaceae have been reported from three species. In the previous genomic study of Liliales, atrnI-CAU gene duplication event was reported fromParis verticillata, a member of Parideae. To clarify the significant genomic events of the tribe Parideae, we analysed the complete chloroplast genome sequences of twoTrilliumspecies representing two subgenera:TrilliumandPhyllantherum InTrillium tschonoskii(subgenusTrillium), the circular double-stranded cpDNA sequence of 156 852 bp consists of two inverted repeat (IR) regions of 26 501 bp each, a large single-copy (LSC) region of 83 981 bp and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 19 869 bp. The chloroplast genome sequence ofT. maculatum(subgenusPhyllantherum) is 157 359 bp in length, consisting of two IRs (25 535 bp), one SSC (19 949 bp) and one LSC (86 340 bp), and is longer than that ofT. tschonoskii The results showed that the cpDNAs of Parideae are highly conserved across genome structure, gene order and contents. However, the chloroplast genome ofT. maculatumcontained a 3.4-kb inverted sequence betweenndhCandrbcLin the LSC region, and it was a unique feature for subgeneraPhyllantherum In addition, we found three different types of gene duplication in the intergenic spacer betweenrpl23andycf2containingtrnI-CAU, which were in agreement with the circumscription of subgenera and sections in Parideae excludingT. govanianum These genomic features provide informative molecular markers for identifying the infrageneric taxa ofTrilliumand improve our understanding of the evolution patterns of Parideae in Melanthiaceae.
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Project description:Rehmannia is a non-parasitic genus in Orobanchaceae including six species mainly distributed in central and north China. Its phylogenetic position and infrageneric relationships remain uncertain due to potential hybridization and polyploidization. In this study, we sequenced and compared the complete chloroplast genomes of six Rehmannia species using Illumina sequencing technology to elucidate the interspecific variations. Rehmannia plastomes exhibited typical quadripartite and circular structures with good synteny of gene order. The complete genomes ranged from 153,622 bp to 154,055 bp in length, including 133 genes encoding 88 proteins, 37 tRNAs, and 8 rRNAs. Three genes (rpoA, rpoC2, accD) have potentially experienced positive selection. Plastome size variation of Rehmannia was mainly ascribed to the expansion and contraction of the border regions between the inverted repeat (IR) region and the single-copy (SC) regions. Despite of the conserved structure in Rehmannia plastomes, sequence variations provide useful phylogenetic information. Phylogenetic trees of 23 Lamiales species reconstructed with the complete plastomes suggested that Rehmannia was monophyletic and sister to the clade of Lindenbergia and the parasitic taxa in Orobanchaceae. The interspecific relationships within Rehmannia were completely different with the previous studies. In future, population phylogenomic works based on plastomes are urgently needed to clarify the evolutionary history of Rehmannia.
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Project description:Phyllostachys nidularia (Bambusoideae: Poaceae), widely distributed in the Yangtze River Basin and various provinces (regions) in southern China, is one of the most important small and medium-sized bamboo species used in both bamboo shoots and timber. In the present study, we assembled a complete chloroplast genome of the economically important bamboo form Phyllostachys nidularia f. farcta H.R.Zhao & A.T.Liu using whole genome sequencing data previously reported. The complete chloroplast (cp) genome is 139,706 bp in length. A total of 129 unique genes were annotated, including 82 protein-coding, 39 tRNA, and eight rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis results supported that P. nidularia f. farcta was closely related to Phyllostachys reticulata. This work would help us better understand the evolution of the Phyllostachys cp genome.
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Project description:The amaranth genus contains many important grain and weedy species. We further our understanding of the genus through the development of a complete reference chloroplast genome. A high-quality Amaranthus hypochondriacus (Amaranthaceae) chloroplast genome assembly was developed using long-read technology. This reference genome was used to reconstruct the chloroplast genomes for two closely related grain species (A. cruentus and A. caudatus) and their putative progenitor (A. hybridus). The reference genome was 150,518 bp and possesses a circular structure of two inverted repeats (24,352 bp) separated by small (17,941 bp) and large (83,873 bp) single-copy regions; it encodes 111 genes, 72 for proteins. Relative to the reference chloroplast genome, an average of 210 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 122 insertion/deletion polymorphisms (indels) were identified across the analyzed genomes. This reference chloroplast genome, along with the reported simple sequence repeats, SNPs, and indels, is an invaluable genetic resource for studying the phylogeny and genetic diversity within the amaranth genus.
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Project description:The complete chloroplast genome of Fargesia qinlingensis (Poaceae) has been reconstructed from the whole-genome Illumina sequencing data. The complete chloroplast genome sequence of F. qinlingensis obtained in this study was 139,640 bp in length, with a large single copy (LSC) region of 83,220 bp, a small single copy (SSC) region of 12,826 bp, separated by two inverted repeat (IR) regions of 21,797 bp each. The GC content was 38.9%, and in the LSC, SSC, and IR regions were 37.0%, 33.2%, and 44.2%, respectively. A total of 130 genes were annotated, including 83 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 39 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and eight ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. The result of the phylogenetic analysis showed that F. qinlingensis was more closely related to the species of F. denudata.
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Project description:Secale sylvestre is a wild species of rye, morphologically distinct from domestic species. To draw comparisons between species based on molecular features, it is important to have high-quality sequences, especially in the case of organellar genomes. For such reason, the complete chloroplast genome of Secale sylvestre Host introd. no. 6047 will provide useful data for ecological, agricultural, and phylogenetic purposes. Here we present the complete, annotated chloroplast genome sequence of Secale sylvestre Host introd. no. 6047. The genome is 137116 base pair (bp) long. It is the first complete chloroplast genome that can be used as a reference genome for further analysis. The genome can be accessed on GenBank with the accession number (MW557517).
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Project description:The Meliaceae family mainly consists of trees and shrubs with a pantropical distribution. In this study, the complete chloroplast genomes of four Meliaceae species were sequenced and compared with each other and with the previously published Azadirachta indica plastome. The five plastomes are circular and exhibit a quadripartite structure with high conservation of gene content and order. They include 130 genes encoding 85 proteins, 37 tRNAs and 8 rRNAs. Inverted repeat expansion resulted in a duplication of rps19 in the five Meliaceae species, which is consistent with that in many other Sapindales, but different from many other rosids. Compared to Azadirachta indica, the four newly sequenced Meliaceae individuals share several large deletions, which mainly contribute to the decreased genome sizes. A whole-plastome phylogeny supports previous findings that the four species form a monophyletic sister clade to Azadirachta indica within the Meliaceae. SNPs and indels identified in all complete Meliaceae plastomes might be suitable targets for the future development of genetic markers at different taxonomic levels. The extended analysis of SNPs in the matK gene led to the identification of four potential Meliaceae-specific SNPs as a basis for future validation and marker development.
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