Dataset Information

Smoking cessation advice and quit attempts in South Africa between 2007 and 2017: A cross-sectional study.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

The aim of this study was to determine trends in receiving quit advice from healthcare professionals among current smokers in South Africa, pre- and post-adoption of Article 14 guidelines of the WHO FCTC in 2010, and to determine the association between quit advice, e-cigarette use and quit attempt.

Methods

This study was a secondary data analysis involving 2206 ever-smokers aged ?16 years who participated in the South African Social Attitude Surveys conducted in 2007, 2010 and 2017. Data included participants' sociodemographics, tobacco, and/or e-cigarette use (for years 2010 and 2017 only), exposure to others' smoking at home and/or work or public places, quit advice, and quit attempts. Analyses included chi-squared test and logistic regression.

Results

The mean cigarettes smoked per day, the proportions of smokers offered quit advice, planning to quit and who made a quit attempt did not change significantly between 2007 and 2017 (p=0.67, p=0.70, p=0.09 and p=0.40, respectively). However, there was a marginally significant increase in e-cigarette uptake between 2010 and 2017 (p=0.05). In a bivariate analysis, quit advice was significantly associated with making a quit attempt across all survey years. In the final multivariable-adjusted regression model, having received a quit advice (OR=1.967; 95% CI: 1.255-3.083) compared to not, and being Colored/mixed race (OR=0.467; 95% CI: 0.298-0.732) compared to self-identifying as Black African, remained independently associated with making a quit attempt.

Conclusions

Except for marginally increased e-cigarette use, there was no significant change in smoking or quitting behavior in South Africa post-adoption of Article 14 guidelines. The study findings highlight the importance of quit advice in promoting quitting behavior and suggest the need to scale it up in South Africa.

SUBMITTER: Ayo-Yusuf OA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7873815 | biostudies-literature | 2021

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Smoking cessation advice and quit attempts in South Africa between 2007 and 2017: A cross-sectional study.

Ayo-Yusuf Olalekan A OA Omole Olufemi B OB

Tobacco induced diseases 20210211

<h4>Introduction</h4>The aim of this study was to determine trends in receiving quit advice from healthcare professionals among current smokers in South Africa, pre- and post-adoption of Article 14 guidelines of the WHO FCTC in 2010, and to determine the association between quit advice, e-cigarette use and quit attempt.<h4>Methods</h4>This study was a secondary data analysis involving 2206 ever-smokers aged ≥16 years who participated in the South African Social Attitude Surveys conducted in 2007 ...[more]

PMID: 33584166

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Project description:IntroductionMost people who smoke cigarettes are not willing (ie, not ready) to make a quit attempt (QA) at any given time. Unfortunately, interventions intended to increase QAs and the success of QAs are only modestly effective. Identifying processes leading to QAs and quitting success could guide intervention development.Aims and methodsThis is a secondary analysis of a randomized factorial trial of 6 weeks of motivation-phase interventions among primary care patients (N = 517) who were initially unwilling to quit but were willing to reduce their smoking. Using logistic regression, we controlled for treatment condition and tested whether baseline or change in smoking-related constructs after 6 weeks of treatment predicted (1) making an at least 24 h QA between weeks 6 and 26 and (2) quitting success at week 26 (7-day point-prevalence abstinence among those who made a QA). Predictors included cigarettes/day, time to first cigarette, motivation to quit, quitting self-efficacy, anticipated urges to smoke if quit, positive affect, negative affect, and time spent around others who smoke.ResultsIn multivariable models that included all smoking-related constructs, changes in the following variables predicted initiating a QA above and beyond other variables: greater baseline time to first cigarette (odds ratio [OR] = 1.60), increases in time to first cigarette (OR = 1.27), and increases in quitting self-efficacy (OR = 1.14). Increased motivation to quit predicted conversion of a QA into quitting success at 26 weeks (OR = 1.36).ConclusionPredictors of making a QA differed from predictors of quitting success. Predictors of QAs and success could each serve as important treatment targets of motivation-phase interventions.ImplicationsMotivation-phase interventions for people initially unwilling to quit smoking cigarettes may be improved by striving to increase their (1) time to first cigarette and quitting self-efficacy to promote QAs and (2) motivation to quit to promote quit success. Future experimental tests of such interventions are needed to identify causal determinants of QAs and quitting success.

Project description:AimTo quantify population-level associations between quit attempts and factors that have varied across 2007-2017 in England.MethodsData from 51 867 past-year smokers participating in the Smoking Toolkit Study (a monthly cross-sectional survey of individuals aged 16+) were aggregated over an 11-year period. Time series analysis was undertaken using ARIMAX modeling. The input series were: (1) prevalence of smoking reduction using (a) e-cigarettes and (b) nicotine replacement therapy; (2) prevalence of roll-your-own tobacco use; (3) prevalence of (a) smoking and (b) non-daily smoking; (4) mass media expenditure; (5) average expenditure on smoking; (6) characteristics in the form of (a) prevalence of high motivation to quit, (b) average age, (c) proportion from lower social grades, and (d) average number of cigarettes smoked; and (7) implementation of tobacco control policies.ResultsThere was a decline in the prevalence of quit attempts from 44.6% to 33.8% over the study period. The partial point-of-sale ban was associated with a temporary increase in quit attempt prevalence (Badjusted = 0.224%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.061 to 0.388). Quit attempts were positively associated with the prevalence of high motivation to quit (Badjusted = 0.165%;95% CI 0.048 to 0.282) and negatively associated with the mean age of smokers (Badjusted = -1.351%; 95% CI -2.168 to -0.534). All other associations were nonsignificant.ConclusionIncreases in the prevalence of high motivation to quit was associated with higher prevalence of attempts to quit smoking, while an increase in the mean age of smokers was associated with lower prevalence. The introduction of the partial point-of-sale ban appeared to have a temporary positive impact.ImplicationsThis study provides insight into how monthly changes in a wide range of population-level factors are associated with changes in quit attempts over an extended time period in a country with a strong tobacco control climate. The findings suggest a need for intervention or policy to stimulate quit attempts in older smokers. Otherwise, increases in the mean age of a smokers appears likely to undermine wider efforts to promote quit attempts in a population.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Reducing the social acceptability of smoking is associated with lowered smoking prevalence. However, denormalization strategies can also contribute to the stigmatization that some smokers may feel about their smoking. Smoking stigma may be more acute if smokers are also members of other stigmatized groups, such as racial/ethnic minorities. This study examined correlates of smoking self- and felt-stigma and discrimination, among current smokers. METHODS:Participants were recruited in the United States via a national commercial consumer panel to complete a cross-sectional, Web-based survey. Participants were 1528 current cigarette smokers aged 14 and older. Measures included the Internalized Stigma of Smoking Inventory (ISSI), Heaviness of Smoking Index, quit intentions, past-year quit attempts, and current use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). RESULTS:Self-stigma was significantly associated with higher intent to quit in the next 6 months (odds ratio [OR] = 2.47, P < .01) and in the next 30 days (OR = 4.21, P < .01), relative to no intention to quit, as well as having made 1 or 2 quit attempts in the past year (OR = 1.60, P < .01) or 3 or more quit attempts (OR = 1.74, P < .01) and associated with daily e-cigarette use (OR = 1.73, P < .05). Felt-stigma was positively associated with intent to quit in the next 30 days (OR = 1.54, P < .01), having made 3 or more quit attempts in the past year (OR = 1.35, P < .01), and both daily (OR = 2.05, P < .05) and some-day (OR = 1.30, P < .05) e-cigarette use. Discrimination was associated only with increased odds of daily e-cigarette use (OR = 1.83, P < .05). CONCLUSIONS:Smokers who reported greater feelings of stigmatization about their smoking were more likely to report having made recent quit attempts, report a stronger intention quit smoking in the future, and report use of e-cigarettes, suggesting that feelings of self-and felt-stigmatization are related to greater motivation to stop smoking.

Dataset Information

Smoking cessation advice and quit attempts in South Africa between 2007 and 2017: A cross-sectional study.

Introduction

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Smoking cessation advice and quit attempts in South Africa between 2007 and 2017: A cross-sectional study.

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