Dataset Information

Thirdhand smoke beliefs and behaviors among families of primary school children in Shanghai.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

There are few reports on the beliefs about thirdhand smoke in Chinese families with primary school children. This study aims to understand the beliefs about thirdhand smoke among parents or grandparents of primary school children in Shanghai and to provide an evidence base to incorporate thirdhand smoke preventative action into tobacco control interventions.

Methods

We performed a cross-sectional survey among parents and grandparents of children aged 6-13 years in the Changjiang Road Primary School and recruited 843 participants to make assessments on the 'beliefs about thirdhand smoke' (BATHS) scale. Sociodemographic details including age, gender, marital status, education level, personal income and type of home ownership (new house, secondhand house with or without redecoration) and health status of children (whether they suffered from respiratory diseases or not) were investigated. Scale assessment, univariate and multivariate analyses to explore the factors influencing the BATHS scale and subscale scores, were performed using SPSS version 22.0.

Results

Participants who were aged >65 years were more likely to get lower scores on the BATHS scale (OR=0.476; 95% CI: 0.311-0.728, p=0.001). Undergraduates (OR=1.190; 95% CI: 1.020-1.388, p=0.027) and graduates (OR=1.4490; 95% CI: 1.102-1.906, p=0.008) obtained higher scores. Moreover, the scores of residents living in a secondhand house with redecoration (OR=0.882; 95% CI: 0.782-0.995, p=0.041) and without redecoration (OR=0.801; 95% CI: 0.698-0.919, p=0.002) were lower compared with those of new-house owners. The scores for participants whose children suffered from respiratory diseases in the past six months (OR=1.104; 95% CI: 1.003-1.216, p=0.043) were higher than those whose children had no respiratory diseases.

Conclusions

This study shows that younger people, females, those with higher incomes, and higher education levels, were more likely to believe the thirdhand smoke impacts on health and its persistence in the environment. Our findings can guide targeted actions for smoke-free home interventions.

SUBMITTER: Xie Z

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7873816 | biostudies-literature | 2021

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Thirdhand smoke beliefs and behaviors among families of primary school children in Shanghai.

Xie Zhilan Z Chen Minzhi M Fu Zhicong Z He Yunjiang Y Tian Yi Y Zhang Xiaohong X Feng Nannan N

Tobacco induced diseases 20210210

<h4>Introduction</h4>There are few reports on the beliefs about thirdhand smoke in Chinese families with primary school children. This study aims to understand the beliefs about thirdhand smoke among parents or grandparents of primary school children in Shanghai and to provide an evidence base to incorporate thirdhand smoke preventative action into tobacco control interventions.<h4>Methods</h4>We performed a cross-sectional survey among parents and grandparents of children aged 6-13 years in the ...[more]

PMID: 33584165

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Project description:IntroductionTobacco smoke contains numerous toxic chemicals that accumulate in indoor environments creating thirdhand smoke (THS). We investigated if THS-polluted homes differed in children's human and built-environment microbiomes as compared to THS-free homes.MethodsParticipants were n = 19 THS-exposed children and n = 10 unexposed children (≤5 years) and their caregivers. Environmental and biological samples were analyzed for THS pollutants and exposure. Swab samples were collected from the built-environment (floor, table, armrest, bed frame) and child (finger, nose, mouth, and ear canal), and 16S ribosomal RNA genes were analyzed for bacterial taxa using high-throughput DNA sequencing.ResultsPhylogenetic α-diversity was significantly higher for the built-environment microbiomes in THS-polluted homes compared to THS-free homes (p < 0.014). Log2-fold comparison found differences between THS-polluted and THS-free homes for specific genera in samples from the built-environment (e.g., Acinetobacter, Bradyrhizobium, Corynebacterium, Gemella, Neisseria, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Veillonella) and in samples from children (esp. Corynebacterium, Gemella, Lautropia, Neisseria, Rothia, Staphylococcus, and Veillonella).ConclusionWhen exposed to THS, indoor and children microbiomes are altered in an environment-specific manner. Changes are similar to those reported in previous studies for smokers and secondhand smoke-exposed persons. THS-induced changes in child and built-environmental microbiomes may play a role in clinical outcomes in children.ImpactDespite smoking bans, children can be exposed to tobacco smoke residue (i.e., thirdhand smoke) that lingers on surfaces and in settled house dust. Thirdhand smoke exposure is associated with changes in the microbiomes of the home environment and of the children living in these homes. Thirdhand smoke is associated with increased phylogenetic diversity of the home environment and changes in the abundances of several genera of the child microbiome known to be affected by active smoking and secondhand smoke (e.g., Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus). Thirdhand smoke exposure by itself may induce alterations in the microbiome that play a role in childhood pathologies.

Project description:PurposeTo investigate the characteristics of various near work related behaviors among primary students and their associations with changes in myopia related ocular biometric parameters during one-year of follow up.MethodsA school-based sample of 4,814 primary 1st to 4th grade students aged 6-10 years old were selected by cluster randomization based on probability proportion to size in 2013. At baseline, students together with their parents filled in a self-administered questionnaire on 9 aspects of near work related behaviors and some important covariants of myopia. A comprehensive set of eye examinations including axial length (AL) and cycloplegic refraction was conducted both at baseline and one year later.ResultsWith the grade level increase, students did increasingly better at finding various ways to have an eye break, but they were increasingly likely to continuously do long-time near work without an eye break. Keeping a reasonable eye distance and correct hand posture for reading, writing, or watching TV became worse for the first time before grade 2, but then became better at grade 3. In contrast, selecting appropriate lighting environments or situations and keeping a balanced diet became better for the first time before grade 2, but then became worse at grade 3. At one-year follow up, the mean AL increased by 0.32 ± 0.35 mm, the ratio of AL divided by the mean corneal radius of curvature (AL/CR ratio) increased by 0.032 ± 0.054, the myopic spherical equivalent (SE) increased by -0.51 ± 0.51 diopters and the incidence of myopia was 16.0% (237/1,477). After controlling for the confounding effects of parental myopia, student's age, gender, height, daily near work time, daily outdoor activity time and all of the other near work related behaviors, keeping a reasonable distance when reading, writing and watching TV was associated with elongation of the AL [standard coefficient beta = -0.062, P = 0.004], a change in SE [beta = -0.072, P = 0.020] and incident myopia [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.90, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.84-0.96]. Selecting an environment with adequate light for visual comfort to read and write was related to elongation of the AL [beta = -0.039, P = 0.034] and increase of AL/CR ratio [beta = -0.030, P = 0.048]. Also, not continuing to do near work for more than 30-40 minutes without an eye break was related to increase of the AL/CR ratio [beta = -0.028, P = 0.044] and a change in SE [beta = -0.064, P = 0.023].ConclusionVarious near work related behaviors changed according to grade level in primary school students. Independent of hereditary factors, daily near work load and outdoor activity, near work related behaviors such as keeping an inappropriate eye distance for near work, selecting inadequate lighting environments, and continuing to do near work without an eye break were risk factors for myopic shifts.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Thirdhand smoke (THS) is the persistent residue resulting from secondhand smoke (SHS) that accumulates in dust, objects, and on surfaces in homes where tobacco has been used, and is reemitted into air. Very little is known about the extent to which THS contributes to children's overall tobacco smoke exposure (OTS) levels, defined as their combined THS and SHS exposure. Even less is known about the effect of OTS and THS on children's health. This project will examine how different home smoking behaviors contribute to THS and OTS and if levels of THS are associated with respiratory illnesses in nonsmoking children. METHODS:This project leverages the experimental design from an ongoing pediatric emergency department-based tobacco cessation trial of caregivers who smoke and their children (NIHR01HD083354). At baseline and follow-up, we will collect urine and handwipe samples from children and samples of dust and air from the homes of smokers who smoke indoors, have smoking bans or who have quit smoking. These samples will be analyzed to examine to what extent THS pollution at home contributes to OTS exposure over and above SHS and to what extent THS continues to persist and contribute to OTS in homes of smokers who have quit or have smoking bans. Targeted and nontargeted chemical analyses of home dust samples will explore which types of THS pollutants are present in homes. Electronic medical record review will examine if THS and OTS levels are associated with child respiratory illness. Additionally, a repository of child and environmental samples will be created. DISCUSSION:The results of this study will be crucial to help close gaps in our understanding of the types, quantity, and clinical effects of OTS, THS exposure, and THS pollutants in a unique sample of tobacco smoke-exposed ill children and their homes. The potential impact of these findings is substantial, as currently the level of risk in OTS attributable to THS is unknown. This research has the potential to change how we protect children from OTS, by recognizing that SHS and THS exposure needs to be addressed separately and jointly as sources of pollution and exposure. TRIAL REGISTRATION:ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02531594 . Date of registration: August 24, 2015.

Dataset Information

Thirdhand smoke beliefs and behaviors among families of primary school children in Shanghai.

Introduction

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Thirdhand smoke beliefs and behaviors among families of primary school children in Shanghai.

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