Exclusive enteral nutrition induced sustained changes in the microbiota and improved inflammatory bowel disease in a pediatric patient with chronic granulomatous disease.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Falcone EL
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7875062 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Feb
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Exclusive enteral nutrition induced sustained changes in the microbiota and improved inflammatory bowel disease in a pediatric patient with chronic granulomatous disease.
Falcone Emilia Liana EL Han Yu Y Kreuzburg Samantha S Heller Theo T Church Joseph A JA Grou Caroline C Calderon Virginie V Subramanian Poorani P Deming Clayton C Conlan Sean S Segre Julia A JA Holland Steven M SM Zerbe Christa S CS
The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice 20201215 2
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Project description:BackgroundThe gut microbiome is extensively involved in induction of remission in pediatric Crohn's disease (CD) patients by exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN). In this follow-up study of pediatric CD patients undergoing treatment with EEN, we employ machine learning models trained on baseline gut microbiome data to distinguish patients who achieved and sustained remission (SR) from those who did not achieve remission nor relapse (non-SR) by 24 weeks.MethodsA total of 139 fecal samples were obtained from 22 patients (8-15 years of age) for up to 96 weeks. Gut microbiome taxonomy was assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and functional capacity was assessed by metagenomic sequencing. We used standard metrics of diversity and taxonomy to quantify differences between SR and non-SR patients and to associate gut microbial shifts with fecal calprotectin (FCP), and disease severity as defined by weighted Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index. We used microbial data sets in addition to clinical metadata in random forests (RFs) models to classify treatment response and predict FCP levels.ResultsMicrobial diversity did not change after EEN, but species richness was lower in low-FCP samples (<250 µg/g). An RF model using microbial abundances, species richness, and Paris disease classification was the best at classifying treatment response (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.9). KEGG Pathways also significantly classified treatment response with the addition of the same clinical data (AUC = 0.8). Top features of the RF model are consistent with previously identified IBD taxa, such as Ruminococcaceae and Ruminococcus gnavus.ConclusionsOur machine learning approach is able to distinguish SR and non-SR samples using baseline microbiome and clinical data.
| S-EPMC7301407 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Exclusive enteral nutrition modulates the faecal metagenome in paediatric Crohn’s disease not by enriching the abundance of presumably ‘beneficial’ commensals but by suppressing ‘dysbiotic’ bacteria
| PRJEB7576 | ENA
Project description:Background and aimExclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) is recognized internationally as the first line of treatment for children with active Crohn's disease (CD). A survey conducted a decade ago demonstrated that 40% of Australian pediatric gastroenterologists did not think EEN to be an appropriate treatment for CD. This study aimed to explore the current attitudes of Australian and New Zealand (NZ) pediatric gastroenterologists toward the use of EEN in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).MethodsAll practicing pediatric gastroenterologists in Australia and NZ were invited via an existing email network to complete an anonymous online questionnaire.ResultsThe questionnaire was completed by 37 respondents (54% response rate), 31 from Australia and 6 from NZ. All respondents felt that EEN definitely or probably has a role in inducing remission for children with newly diagnosed CD. Australian gastroenterologists were more likely to use EEN for relapsed CD or IBD-unclassified than NZ doctors (P < 0.05). Adherence was reported to be the greatest disadvantage of EEN. Dietitians were believed to play the most crucial role in EEN administration. Variations in EEN protocols included the use of flavorings or fluids during EEN and different patterns of food reintroduction.ConclusionsThese Australia and NZ pediatric gastroenterologists felt that EEN plays an important role in the induction of remission in children with newly diagnosed CD. However, the perceived role of EEN use in other types of IBD varied. EEN protocols varied widely between centers. Attitudes toward the roles of EEN have altered greatly across Australasia over the last decade.
| S-EPMC6487830 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundMany studies have examined the effects of exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) in children with Crohn's disease (CD), but corticosteroids are considered a superior therapy and are frequently used in China. This meta-analysis aims to compare the efficacy of EEN with corticosteroids in treating pediatric CD.MethodsA comprehensive retrieval from medical databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Wanfang data, VIP and CNKI, was performed using the search terms "diet therapy", "exclusive enteral nutrition", "Crohn's disease", "inflammatory bowel diseases", "child" and "pediatrics" from January 1990 to April 2017.ResultsWe included 18 studies from 1329 identified sources in this meta-analysis. EEN was as effective as corticosteroids in inducing remission rate of children suffering from CD (OR?=?1.35; 95% CI 0.90, 2.10; P?=?0.14). Nevertheless, patients who received EEN were more likely to achieve both endoscopic mucosal healing (OR?=?5.24; 95% CI 2.06, 13.37; P?=?0.0005) and histological mucosal healing (OR?=?4.78; 95% CI 1.89, 12.08; P?=?0.0009) than those who received corticosteroids; the Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index was lower [mean difference (MD)?=?- 3.67; 95% CI - 4.91, - 2.43] and weight gain was higher (MD?=?1.92; 95% CI 0.02, 3.83; P?=?0.05) in those patients who received EEN than in those who received corticosteroids. No difference was found in relapse rate (OR?=?0.57; 95% CI 0.25, 1.29; P?=?0.18), height for age or body mass index between the patients treated with EEN and corticosteroids at the 1-year end point.ConclusionsThis meta-analysis reveals that there is no significant difference between EEN and corticosteroids in the efficacy of inducing remission rate of CD in a pediatric population, but EEN is superior to corticosteroids in improving short-term mucosal inflammation and reducing the PCDAI index.
| S-EPMC6394648 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesExclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) is commonly used to treat pediatric Crohn's disease (CD). Meta-analysis of pediatric studies that have compared the effect of EEN with other treatments have shown that EEN induces remission in up to 80-85% of patients. We aimed to gain a comprehensive understanding of the effect of EEN on the microbiota of CD patients.MethodsWe used 16S rRNA gene and whole-genome high throughout sequencing to determine changes in the fecal microbiota of five CD children, before, during, and after EEN therapy and compared this with five healthy controls.ResultsThe microbial diversity observed in CD patients tended to be lower than that in controls (CD: 2.25±0.24, controls: 2.75±0.14, P=0.11). In all CD patients, dysbiosis was observed prior to therapy. EEN therapy had a positive effect in all patients, with 80% going into remission. In some patients, the positive effect diminished following the conclusion of EEN therapy. Significantly, the number of operational taxonomic units (OTU) decreased dramatically upon starting EEN and this corresponded with CD remission. Recurrence of CD corresponded with an increase in OTUs. Six families within the Firmicutes were found to correlate with disease activity during and following EEN therapy, a finding that was confirmed by whole-genome high throughput sequencing.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that EEN leads to common and patient-specific alterations in the microbiota of CD patients, a number of which correlate with disease activity.
| S-EPMC4418409 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundExclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) is a highly effective therapy for remission induction in pediatric Crohn's disease (CD), but relapse rates after return to a regular diet are high. Autologous fecal microbiota transfer (FMT) using stool collected during EEN-induced clinical remission might represent a novel approach to maintaining the benefits of EEN.MethodsPediatric CD patients provided fecal material at home, which was shipped at 4 °C to an FMT laboratory for FMT capsule generation and extensive pathogen safety screening. The microbial community composition of samples taken before and after shipment and after encapsulation was characterized using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing.ResultsSeven pediatric patients provided fecal material for nine test runs after at least three weeks of nutritional therapy. FMT capsules were successfully generated in 6/8 deliveries, but stool weight and consistency varied widely. Transport and processing of fecal material into FMT capsules did not fundamentally change microbial composition, but microbial richness was <30 genera in 3/9 samples. Stool safety screening was positive for potential pathogens or drug resistance genes in 8/9 test runs.ConclusionsA high pathogen burden, low-diversity microbiota, and practical deficiencies of EEN-conditioned fecal material might render autologous capsule-FMT an unsuitable approach as maintenance therapy for pediatric CD patients.
| S-EPMC10096730 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe prevalence of Crohn's disease (CD) has been increasing rapidly in China, and the role of exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) in the management of adult patients with active CD is evolving. Adherence is a key factor in the effective treatment of many chronic diseases.AimThe aim of this study was to assess adherence to EEN of CD patients and to evaluate the relationship between medication belief and EEN adherence.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted, and demographic information, adherence to EEN, and beliefs about EEN were investigated. Medication belief was measured using the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ)-Specific.ResultsIn all, 131 CD patients completed the questionnaire and were enrolled in this study. The high adherence rate was 73.3% (96 of 131 patients), and we found that medication belief, residency, medical insurance, and history of enteral nutrition therapy were factors affecting EEN adherence. More patients with a high BMQ score had high adherence to EEN (n = 54, 56.2%) compared to those with a low BMQ (n = 42, 43.8%). Moreover, price, taste, storage method, portability, and purchase convenience of EEN were not associated with adherence.ConclusionThe adherence to EEN among patients with CD is relatively high and is related to medication belief, residency and history of enteral nutrition. The type of enteral nutrition, taste, storage, and convenience of purchase were not associated with EEN adherence. Future study is warranted to explore the possible role of improving patients' beliefs in increasing adherence.
| S-EPMC8528542 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background: The potential of washed microbiota transplantation (WMT) in Crohn's disease (CD) has been reported. This study aimed to explore the suitable timing of WMT in patients with CD complicated with malnutrition. Methods: This is a randomized, open-label study. Patients with active CD complicated with malnutrition were included and 1:1 randomized to undergo WMT at day 1 (group WMT-DAY1) or day 8 (group WMT-DAY8). The observation duration was 15 days. Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) was administered in both groups. The primary outcome was the improvement in nutritional parameters at day 8 and day 15 in two groups. The secondary outcome was the rate of clinical remission at day 15 in two groups. Results: Totally 19 patients completed the trial. At day 8, the lymphocyte count, albumin and prealbumin increased significantly compared to those at day 1 in group WMT-DAY1 (p = 0.018, p = 0.028, p = 0.028, respectively), while no significant increase in any nutritional parameter was shown in group WMT-DAY8. At day 15, albumin increased significantly compared to that at day 1 in both groups (p < 0.05), while significant increase in prealbumin was only shown in group WMT-DAY1 (p = 0.004) compared to that at day 1. The rate of clinical remission at day 15 in group WMT-DAY1 and group WMT-DAY8 was 87.5% (7/8) and 72.7% (8/11), respectively (p = 0.603). Conclusion: EEN combined with immediate WMT intervention could rapidly improve the nutritional status and induce clinical remission in malnourished patients with CD. Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT02897661.
| S-EPMC8569231 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundAlthough there are many hypotheses, the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD) is not completely clear so far. Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) is a routine measure in the treatment of active CD. We aimed at investigating the impact of EEN on patients with active CD from microbial metabolomics.Methods16S-rDNA sequencing technology and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer analysis were employed to investigate the modification of the intestinal flora and fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) during the EEN.ResultsSeven patients with CD, who conducted EEN, were followed up successfully in the present study. The 8-week EEN resulted in a remission of the condition of subjects with active CD, as revealed by a significant decrease in erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (P = 0.018), C-reactive protein (CRP) (P = 0.028), and Crohn's disease activity index (CDAI) (P = 0.018). The nutrition of the subjects was improved after an 8-week treatment course with EEN, which was associated with an increase in body mess index (BMI) (P = 0.018) and serum albumin (ALB) (P = 0.018) levels. Furthermore, our investigations revealed a significantly increased abundance of Firmicutes paralleled by decreased levels of Proteobacteria. With respect to the genus, five species of bacteria including Ruminococcus (P = 0.01), Lachnospiraceae (P = 0.02), Anaerotruncus (P = 0.04), Flavonifractor (P = 0.04), and Novosphingobium (P = 0.05) showed significantly increased abundance. This was accompanied by relative changes in fecal short-chain fatty acids levels. Moreover, we successfully constructed a stable model by combining these five significantly different genera to predict the therapeutic effect of EEN on patients with CD (AUC = 0.9598).ConclusionsThe findings indicated that EEN can alleviate the condition and the nutrition of patients with active CD by regulating the intestinal flora and influencing the expression level of fecal short-chain fatty acids.
| S-EPMC9059691 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background/aimsExclusive enteral nutrition (EEN), an established modality for pediatric Crohn's disease (CD) is seldomly utilized in adults. The present study reports the outcome of EEN in adult CD patients at a tertiary care hospital in India.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of CD patients who received EEN as a sole modality/adjunct to other treatment. The primary and secondary outcomes changed in Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI), and clinical response (decline in CDAI > 70), respectively, at 4 and 8 weeks. Subgroup analysis evaluated response across different phenotypes, EEN formulations and prior treatment. Linear mixed effect model was created to assess the predictors of EEN response.ResultsThirty-one CD patients received EEN over median duration of 4 weeks (range, 2-6 weeks). CDAI showed a significant improvement post EEN at 4 (baseline 290 [260-320] vs. 240 [180-280], P= 0.001) and 8 weeks (baseline 290 [260-320] vs. 186 [160-240], P= 0.001), respectively. The cumulative clinical response rates at 4 and 8 weeks were 37.3% and 80.4% respectively. The clinical response rates at 8 weeks across B1 (n = 4), B2 (n = 18) and B3 (n = 9) phenotypes were 50%, 78.8% and 100% respectively (log-rank test, P= 0.093). The response rates at 8 weeks with polymeric (n = 8) and semi-elemental diet (n = 23) were 75% and 82.6%% respectively (log-rank test, P= 0.49). Baseline CDAI (odds ratio, 1.008; 95% confidence interval, 1.002-1.017; P= 0.046) predicted response to EEN.ConclusionsEEN was effective in inducing clinical response across different phenotypes of CD. Baseline disease activity remained the most important predictor of clinical response to EEN.
| S-EPMC8322023 | biostudies-literature