Dataset Information

Distinct Features and Functions of Systemic and Mucosal Humoral Immunity Among SARS-CoV-2 Convalescent Individuals.

ABSTRACT: Understanding humoral immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection will play a critical role in the development of vaccines and antibody-based interventions. We report systemic and mucosal antibody responses in convalescent individuals who experienced varying severity of disease. Whereas assessment of neutralization and antibody-mediated effector functions revealed polyfunctional antibody responses in serum, only robust neutralization and phagocytosis were apparent in nasal wash samples. Serum neutralization and effector functions correlated with systemic SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG response magnitude, while mucosal neutralization was associated with nasal SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA. Antibody depletion experiments support the mechanistic relevance of these correlations. Associations between nasal IgA responses, virus neutralization at the mucosa, and less severe disease suggest the importance of assessing mucosal immunity in larger natural infection cohorts. Further characterization of antibody responses at the portal of entry may define their ability to contribute to protection from infection or reduced risk of hospitalization, informing public health assessment strategies and vaccine development efforts.

SUBMITTER: Butler SE

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7876222 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Distinct Features and Functions of Systemic and Mucosal Humoral Immunity Among SARS-CoV-2 Convalescent Individuals.

Butler Savannah E SE Crowley Andrew R AR Natarajan Harini H Xu Shiwei S Weiner Joshua A JA Bobak Carly A CA Mattox Daniel E DE Lee Jiwon J Wieland-Alter Wendy W Connor Ruth I RI Wright Peter F PF Ackerman Margaret E ME

Frontiers in immunology 20210128

Understanding humoral immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection will play a critical role in the development of vaccines and antibody-based interventions. We report systemic and mucosal antibody responses in convalescent individuals who experienced varying severity of disease. Whereas assessment of neutralization and antibody-mediated effector functions revealed polyfunctional antibody responses in serum, only robust neutralization and phagocytosis were apparent in nasal wash samples. Serum neutr ...[more]

PMID: 33584712

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Project description:BackgroundUnderstanding the kinetics and longevity of antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 is critical to informing strategies toward reducing Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reinfections, and improving vaccination and therapy approaches.MethodsWe evaluated antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N), spike (S), and receptor binding domain (RBD) of spike in 98 convalescent participants who experienced asymptomatic, mild, moderate or severe COVID-19 disease and in 17 non-vaccinated, non-infected controls, using four different antibody assays. Participants were sampled longitudinally at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post-SARS-CoV-2 positive PCR test.FindingsIncreasing acute COVID-19 disease severity correlated with higher anti-N and anti-RBD antibody titers throughout 12 months post-infection. Anti-N and anti-RBD titers declined over time in all participants, with the exception of increased anti-RBD titers post-vaccination, and the decay rates were faster in hospitalized compared to non-hospitalized participants. <50% of participants retained anti-N titers above control levels at 12 months, with non-hospitalized participants falling below control levels sooner. Nearly all hospitalized and non-hospitalized participants maintained anti-RBD titers above controls for up to 12 months, suggesting longevity of protection against severe reinfections. Nonetheless, by 6 months, few participants retained >50% of their 1-month anti-N or anti-RBD titers. Vaccine-induced increases in anti-RBD titers were greater in non-hospitalized relative to hospitalized participants. Early convalescent antibody titers correlated with age, but no association was observed between Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) status or acute steroid treatment and convalescent antibody titers.InterpretationHospitalized participants developed higher anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers relative to non-hospitalized participants, a difference that persisted throughout 12 months, despite the faster decline in titers in hospitalized participants. In both groups, while anti-N titers fell below control levels for at least half of the participants, anti-RBD titers remained above control levels for almost all participants over 12 months, demonstrating generation of long-lived antibody responses known to correlate with protection from severe disease across COVID-19 severities. Overall, our findings contribute to the evolving understanding of COVID-19 antibody dynamics.FundingAustin Public Health, NIAAA, Babson Diagnostics, Dell Medical School Startup.

Dataset Information

Distinct Features and Functions of Systemic and Mucosal Humoral Immunity Among SARS-CoV-2 Convalescent Individuals.

Publications

Distinct Features and Functions of Systemic and Mucosal Humoral Immunity Among SARS-CoV-2 Convalescent Individuals.

Similar Datasets

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