Dataset Information

Surveillance and prevalence of fragile X syndrome in Indonesia.

ABSTRACT: Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most prevalent inherited cause of intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Many studies have been conducted over the years, however, in Indonesia there is relatively less knowledge on the prevalence of FXS. We reviewed all studies involving FXS screening and cascade testing of the high-risk population in Indonesia for two decades, to elucidate the prevalence, as well as explore the presence of genetic clusters of FXS in Indonesia. The prevalence of FXS in the ID population of Indonesia ranged between 0.9-1.9%, while in the ASD population, the percentage was higher (6.15%). A screening and cascade testing conducted in a small village on Java Island showed a high prevalence of 45% in the ID population, suggesting a genetic cluster. The common ancestry of all affected individuals was suggestive of a founder effect in the region. Routine screening and subsequent cascade testing are essential, especially in cases of ID and ASD of unknown etiology in Indonesia.

SUBMITTER: Sihombing NRB

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7882090 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Surveillance and prevalence of fragile X syndrome in Indonesia.

Sihombing Nydia Rena Benita NRB Winarni Tri Indah TI Utari Agustini A van Bokhoven Hans H Hagerman Randi J RJ Faradz Sultana Mh SM

Intractable & rare diseases research 20210201 1

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most prevalent inherited cause of intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Many studies have been conducted over the years, however, in Indonesia there is relatively less knowledge on the prevalence of FXS. We reviewed all studies involving FXS screening and cascade testing of the high-risk population in Indonesia for two decades, to elucidate the prevalence, as well as explore the presence of genetic clusters of FXS in Indonesia. The preva ...[more]

PMID: 33614370

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Project description:BackgroundGlobal increase of metabolic syndrome (MetS) may have affected Indonesia, however, lack of data in this multiethnic group country warrants a nationwide study for MetS and its components. This study aims to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components among Indonesian people based on the province and ethnic groups.MethodsWe obtained 8573 subjects from the Indonesian Family Life Survey Wave 4 (IFLS4), spread over 20 provinces in Indonesia and consisting of 27 ethnic groups. MetS was operationalized according to an adapted Harmonized MetS definition. Prevalence ratios with 95% confidence interval were estimated using log-binomial regression.ResultsThe prevalence of MetS in Indonesia is 21.66% with provincial prevalence ranging from 0 to 50%, while the ethnic prevalence ranging from 0 to 45.45%. Significant higher MetS prevalence ratios were found in Jakarta (PR 1.826; 95CI 1.628-2.048), West Nusa Tenggara (PR 1.412; 95CI: 1.222-1.630), West Sumatra (PR 1.404; 95CI: 1.202-1.641), East Java province (PR 1.109; 95CI: 1.001-1.229) and in Sasak (PR 1.532; 95CI:1.304-1.800), Minangkabau (PR 1.469; 95CI:1.251-1.726), Betawi (PR 1.597; 95CI:1.346-1.895), Acehnese ethnic group (PR 2.101; 95CI:1.099-4.020) while significant lower prevalence ratios were observed in Central Java (PR 0.668; 95CI: 0.580-0.770), Yogyakarta (PR 0.695; 95CI: 0.575-0.840), Banten (PR 0.718; 95CI: 0.533-0.968), Bali province (PR 0.724; 95CI: 0.590-0.889) and in Javanese (PR 0.855; 95CI:0.788-0.928), also Balinese ethnic groups (PR 0.669; 95CI:0.535-0.836). The highest prevalence of MetS components among Indonesians was low HDL cholesterol (66.41%), followed by hypertension (64.45%), and central obesity (43.21%).ConclusionsThe prevalence of MetS in Indonesia is moderate with provincial and ethnic prevalence varied. Provincial and ethnic group differences in MetS prevalence ratios were observed. The top two most prevalent MetS components in Indonesian were low HDL cholesterol and hypertension.

Project description:In the re-emergence of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI), live bird markets have been identified to play a critical role. In this repeated cross-sectional study, we combined surveillance data collected monthly on Jakarta's live bird markets over a five-year period, with risk factors related to the structure and management of live bird markets, the trading and slaughtering of birds at these markets, and environmental and demographic conditions in the areas where the markets were located. Over the study period 36.7% (95% CI: 35.1, 38.3) of samples (N = 1315) tested HPAI H5 virus positive. Using General Estimation Equation approaches to account for repeated observations over time, we explored the association between HPAI H5 virus prevalence and potential risk factors. Markets where only live birds and carcasses were sold, but no slaughtering was conducted at or at the vicinity of the markets, had a significantly reduced chance of being positive for H5 virus (OR = 0.2, 95% CI 0.1-0.5). Also, markets, that used display tables for poultry carcasses made from wood, had reduced odds of being H5 virus positive (OR = 0.7, 95% CI 0.5-1.0), while having at least one duck sample included in the pool of samples collected at the market increased the chance of being H5 virus positive (OR = 5.7, 95% CI 3.6-9.2). Markets where parent stock was traded, were more at risk of being H5 virus positive compared to markets where broilers were traded. Finally, the human population density in the district, the average distance between markets and origins of poultry sold at markets and the total rainfall per month were all positively associated with higher H5 virus prevalence. In summary, our results highlight that a combination of factors related to trading and marketing processes and environmental pressures need to be considered to reduce H5 virus infection risk for customers at urban live bird markets. In particular, the relocation of slaughter areas to well-managed separate locations should be considered.

Dataset Information

Surveillance and prevalence of fragile X syndrome in Indonesia.

Publications

Surveillance and prevalence of fragile X syndrome in Indonesia.

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