Income-based inequalities in self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity among adolescents in England and the USA: a cross-sectional study.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

Quantify income-based inequalities in self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in England and the USA by sex.

Design

Population-based cross-sectional study.

Participants

4019 adolescents aged 11-15 years in England (Health Survey for England 2008, 2012, 2015) and 4312 aged 12-17 years in the US (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2016).

Main outcome measures

Three aspects of MVPA: (1) doing any, (2) average min/day (MVPA: including those who did none) and (3) average min/day conditional on participation (MVPA active). Using hurdle models, inequalities were quantified using the absolute difference in marginal means (average marginal effects).

Results

In England, adolescents in high-income households were more likely than those in low-income households to have done any formal sports/exercise in the last 7?days (boys: 11%; 95%?CI 4% to 17%; girls: 13%; 95%?CI 6% to 20%); girls in high-income households did more than their low-income counterparts (MVPA: 6?min/day, 95%?CI 2 to 9). Girls in low-income households spent more time in informal activities than girls in high-income households (MVPA: 21?min/day; 95%?CI 10 to 33), while boys in low-income versus high-income households spent longer in active travel (MVPA: 21?min/week; 95%?CI 8 to 34). In the USA, in a typical week, recreational activity was greater among high-income versus low-income households (boys: 15?min/day; 95%?CI 6 to 24; girls: 19?min/day; 95%?CI 12 to 27). In contrast, adolescents in low-income versus high-income households were more likely to travel actively (boys: 11%; 95%?CI 3% to 19%; girls: 10%; 95%?CI 3% to 17%) and do more.

Conclusions

Policy actions and interventions are required to increase MVPA across all income groups in England and the USA. Differences in formal sports/exercise (England) and recreational (USA) activities suggest that additional efforts are required to reduce inequalities.

SUBMITTER: Scholes S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7887356 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature