Dataset Information

Race, Gender, and Socioeconomic Variations in C-Reactive Protein Using the Health and Retirement Study.

ABSTRACT:

Objectives

To clarify the relationships among race, gender, and socioeconomic status (SES) with C-reactive protein (CRP).

Method

The present study analyzed data from 6,521 Black and White respondents aged 51 and older in the Health and Retirement Study, a nationally representative sample of midlife and older adults, to address two aims. We sought to (i) assess the independent associations between race, gender, and SES with CRP concentrations and (ii) test whether race, gender, and SES interacted to produce unequal CRP concentrations cross-sectionally and over a 4-year follow-up.

Results

The results demonstrated that race, gender, and SES were each independently associated with baseline CRP, but only SES was associated with CRP at follow-up. Furthermore, race, gender, and education interacted to produce differential CRP levels at baseline. There were incremental benefits for each additional level of education for White men and women, but the relationship between education and CRP was more complicated for Black men and women. Compared with other race/gender groups with less than high school, Black women had the highest and Black men had the lowest levels of CRP. There were no apparent benefits to CRP for Black women with college compared with Black women with high school, while Black men with less than high school and college had similar concentrations of CRP.

Discussion

In clarifying the complexity inherent in CRP disparities, this work contributes to a greater understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying racial disparities in leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States.

SUBMITTER: Farmer HR

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7887729 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Race, Gender, and Socioeconomic Variations in C-Reactive Protein Using the Health and Retirement Study.

Farmer Heather R HR Wray Linda A LA Haas Steven A SA

The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences 20210201 3

<h4>Objectives</h4>To clarify the relationships among race, gender, and socioeconomic status (SES) with C-reactive protein (CRP).<h4>Method</h4>The present study analyzed data from 6,521 Black and White respondents aged 51 and older in the Health and Retirement Study, a nationally representative sample of midlife and older adults, to address two aims. We sought to (i) assess the independent associations between race, gender, and SES with CRP concentrations and (ii) test whether race, gender, and ...[more]

PMID: 32064519

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Project description:Muscle weakness, as measured by handgrip strength, is a primary determinant of physical functioning and disability. There is a high burden of muscle weakness in the United States with close to 50 percent of older Americans meeting criteria for clinical muscle weakness. While previous racial/ethnic disparities have been documented among older adults, the extent to which lifecourse trauma shapes muscle strength trajectories is unknown. Using U.S. Health and Retirement Study (N = 20,472, Mean Age = 63.8 years) data on grip strength (2006-2014, up to 3 assessments) and retrospectively reported traumatic events, we fit gender-stratified growth curve models to investigate whether traumatic events experienced across the lifecourse or at distinct sensitive periods (childhood, early/emerging adulthood or mid-life) predicted later-life trajectories of grip strength. There was no association between cumulative trauma and trajectories of grip strength and the main effects for the life stage models were largely null. However, among White women, our results suggest that traumatic events experienced during childhood (? = -0.012; 95% CI = -0.024, 0.0004) compared to middle adulthood are associated with faster declines in grip strength in later life. Traumatic events reported during childhood was related to a slower decline in grip strength over time among Hispanic women compared to that for White women (? = 0.086, 95% CI = 0.044, 0.128). Among Black men, the association between traumatic events during early/emerging adulthood and age-related declines in grip strength was stronger for Black men than for White men (interaction ? = -0.070; 95% CI = -0.138, 0.001). Traumatic events experienced during distinct life stages may influence later life declines in grip strength and exacerbate racial inequalities in later life. This study addresses an important gap by investigating the life course social determinants of later life muscle strength, which is a key driver of physical functioning and mobility.

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Dataset Information

Race, Gender, and Socioeconomic Variations in C-Reactive Protein Using the Health and Retirement Study.

Objectives

Method

Results

Discussion

Publications

Race, Gender, and Socioeconomic Variations in C-Reactive Protein Using the Health and Retirement Study.

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