The complete mitochondrial genome of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. (Fabales, Leguminosae).
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Yang YY
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7889147 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Glycyrrhiza uralensis is a tradational Chinese medicine of Leguminosae, which contains many chemicals, such as glycyrrhizin, liquiritin glycyrol, melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxy tryptamine), glycyrrhizol A, glycyrrhizol B and four known isoflavonoids (5-O-methylglycryol, isoglycyrol, 6,8-diisoprenyl-5,7,4'-trihydroxy isoflavone, gancaonin). Illumina paired-end reads data was used to assemble the complete chloroplast (cp) genome. About 15,445,866 raw Paired-End Reads and the length distribution in 127,702 bp (GC content accounts for 34.3%). Eight PCG genes and six tRNA genes possess a single intron, while ycf3 has a couple of introns. Based on the concatenated coding sequences of cp PCGs, the phylogenetic analysis showed that Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Glycyrrhiza inflata (MH321931) are closely related to each other within the family Leguminosae.
| S-EPMC7706715 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. is known as a common Chinese medicinal herb used to harmonize the effects of other ingredients in most Chinese herbal prescriptions. The rapid production of flavonoids in vitro remains unknown in G. uralensis Fisch. To investigate the in vitro adventitious root regeneration and flavonoid accumulation characteristics in G. uralensis for restrictions on collecting wild plants, suspension cultural and freezing microtomy with histochemical assays were carried out. We reported that multiple adventitious roots were initiated from hypocotyls and stems of G. uralensis. Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) was more conducive than NAA (1-naphthaleneacetic acid) in inducing G. uralensis adventitious roots, but the addition of 6-BA (6-benzylaminopurine) and KT (kinetin) suppressed the formation of adventitious roots. While the concentration of IBA was 1.0 mg L-1, the flavonoid content and yield were the highest at 19.96 mg g-1 and 1.23 mg g-1, respectively. The optimum medium for adventitious root induction was 1/4-strength Murashige and Skoog's medium containing 0.1 mg L-1 IBA. The content of flavonoids in adventitious roots and apicals cultured in vitro was higher than that in suspension callus, reaching 3.87 times the callus flavonoid content. The histochemical localization of flavonoids showed that G. uralensis flavonoids mainly distributed in the epidermal parenchyma cells of the callus outer layers and gradually accumulated in cell wall and cell gaps of the epidermis and endodermis of adventitious roots along with the primary growth of adventitious roots, indicating that there were no flavonoids in the roots at the early stage of adventitious roots formation. The results showed that calli inducing adventitious roots and apicals for 30 days obtained the highest yield of flavonoid, indicating effective production for flavonoids instead of wild culture. AlCl3 ethanol solution was better than NaOH aqueous solution in terms of chromogenic and localization effects. We concluded that the highest yield of flavonoid and effective production for flavonoid instead of wild culture could be obtained from calli inducing adventitious roots and apicals.
| S-EPMC7054497 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. is used in large quantities in traditional Chinese medicine. It contains flavonoids, saponins, and polysaccharides, with flavonoids being the main active ingredients. In this study, flavonoids were isolated from the roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. grown in 21 areas in China by water extraction, alcohol precipitation, polyamide resin separation, and other methods. Fingerprints were established by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). There were 15 common peaks in the fingerprints by similarity evaluations of the chromatographic fingerprints. The spectrum-effect relationships between the HPLC fingerprints and pharmacological activities of flavonoids in G. uralensis Fisch., including the heat clearing, detoxifying effects, cough relief, and phlegm elimination effects, were assessed by gray relational analysis and partial least squares regression. After HPLC-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and standard comparison, these five identified compounds (liquiritin apioside, neoisoliquiritin, licochalcone A, licochalcone B, and licochalcone C) could be used to evaluate licorice quality with regard to its efficacy. This research provides a scientific basis for improving licorice quality and also establishes a model for modernization of traditional Chinese medicines.
| S-EPMC7728469 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Licorice is an important traditional Chinese medicine with clinical and industrial applications. Genetic resources of licorice are insufficient for analysis of molecular biology and genetic functions; as such, transcriptome sequencing must be conducted for functional characterization and development of molecular markers. In this study, transcriptome sequencing on the Illumina HiSeq 2500 sequencing platform generated a total of 5.41 Gb clean data. De novo assembly yielded a total of 46,641 unigenes. Comparison analysis using BLAST showed that the annotations of 29,614 unigenes were conserved. Further study revealed 773 genes related to biosynthesis of secondary metabolites of licorice, 40 genes involved in biosynthesis of the terpenoid backbone, and 16 genes associated with biosynthesis of glycyrrhizic acid. Analysis of unigenes larger than 1 Kb with a length of 11,702 nt presented 7,032 simple sequence repeats (SSR). Sixty-four of 69 randomly designed and synthesized SSR pairs were successfully amplified, 33 pairs of primers were polymorphism in in Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat., Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and Glycyrrhiza pallidiflora Maxim. This study not only presents the molecular biology data of licorice but also provides a basis for genetic diversity research and molecular marker-assisted breeding of licorice.
| S-EPMC4646622 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Purpose: The goal of this study are to reveal the internal mechanism of silicon increased Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. seedlings drought-tolerance,salt-tolerance and salt-drought tolerance by RNA-Seq. Methods: mRNA profiles of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. Seedling in eight treatment: control treatment with or without silicon,salt treatment with or without silicon,drought treatment with or without silicon,salt-drought treatment with or without silicon. Each treatment group sequenced the aerial (stems, leaves, buds and all the above ground parts) and underground parts (roots and all the underground parts) respectively Results:A total of 48 samples were sequenced and 372.37GB of clean data was acquired. The clean data of every sample reached 5.96GB, and the percentage of Q30 base was 94.63% or above. Clean reads of each sample were sequentially aligned with the specified reference genome, and alignment efficiency ranged from 85.27% to 92.66%. Therefore, the transcriptome data of samples were obtained with a high correct rate and good genomic coverage.Results of sequencing analysis showed that compared with CK group, there were 1426 DEGs (771 up-regulated and 655 down-regulated), 1386 DEGs (571 up-regulated and 815 down-regulated) and 4192 DEGs (1668 up-regulated and 2524 down-regulated) in aerial part, and 1462 DEGs (730 up-regulated and 732 down-regulated), 2212 DEGs (939 up-regulated and 1273 down-regulated) and 3735 DEGs (1768 up-regulated and 1986 down-regulated) in underground part of D, S and SD group respectively. Conclusions: Our study help to better understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of silicon improve the drought-tolerance,salt-tolerance and salt-drought tolerance of G. uralensis.
2022-02-21 | GSE197004 | GEO
Project description:Purpose: The goal of this study are to reveal the internal mechanism of Bacillus pumilus G5 and silicon increased Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. seedlings drought-tolerance by RNA-Seq. Methods: mRNA profiles of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. Seedling in five treatment: control treatment, drought stress treatment, drought stress with G5 treatment, drought stress with Si treatment and drought stress with G5 combined Si treatment. Results: The full-length transcriptome sequencing of 15 samples was completed, and the clean data of each sample was 6.28GB. All the consistent transcript sequences were aligned to the reference genome by minimap2 software and then de-redundant analysis was performed. Finally, 37267 genes were obtained. A total of 6934 DEGs were identified in four comparisons (D vs CK, DB vs D, DSi vs D, and DBSi vs D), among which are 967, 1559, 1278 and 3130 DEGs in four comparisons, respectively. Conclusions: Our study help to better understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of Bacillus pumilus G5 and silicon improve the drought-tolerance of G. uralensis.
2022-09-30 | GSE214347 | GEO
Project description:Purpose: The goal of this study are to reveal the internal mechanism of Bacillus cereus G2 increased Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. seedlings salt-tolerance by RNA-Seq. Methods: mRNA profiles of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. Seedling in four treatment: control treatment, G2 treatment, salt treatment, salt and G2 treatment. Results: We mapped about 3 million sequence reads per sample to the G. uralensis transcriptome. A total of 35,831 genes in all samples of G. uralensis were identified and quantified by transcriptions, among which 3608 DEGs were identified. There are 1589, 623, 469 and 927 DEGs in S vs CK, CK+B vs CK, S+B vs S and S+B vs CK+B comparisons, respectively. Validation of expression levels for 12 randomly selected DEG candidates was carried out by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The results showed high congruence between RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR results (coefficient of determination R2 =0.9088) indicating the reliability of RNA-Seq quantification of gene expression. Conclusions: Our study help to better understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of G2 improve the salt tolerance of G. uralensis.
2021-12-30 | GSE187003 | GEO
Project description:Glycyrrhiza uralensis strain:B-11 strain | isolate:Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch | breed:Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch | cultivar:Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch Raw sequence reads
| PRJNA553667 | ENA
Project description:Licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch) flavonoids have many pharmacological effects, as the main chemical component of licorice, its content directly affects the quality of licorice. Methyl jasmine (MeJA) is an important signaling molecule in the secondary metabolic pathway of plants, but the biological mechanisms that stimulating the production of licorice flavonoids and the related changes in transcriptome are still less studied. In this research, the expression of two key enzyme genes: Chalcone synthase (CHS) and Cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H) in the biosynthesis pathway of licorice flavonoids was determined, and it was significantly different after 9 hours of MeJA induction. The transcriptome profiles of licorice cells at 9 hours after MeJA treatment were analyzed to investigate the transcriptional alterations of licorice cell in response to MeJA elicitation by “RNA-seq”. 151, 529 transcripts (200 bp in length) of cDNA from the samples were generated, and 116, 907 unigenes were found. MeJA appeared to stimulate a large number of genes involved in several relevant functional categories, such as carbohydrate metabolism and encoding transcription factors, 11 MYB transcription factors expressed significant differences were screened. This comprehensive description of gene expression information could help elucidate the molecular mechanism of MeJA-mediated biosynthesis of licorice flavonoids and MeJA-regulated network formation.
2019-08-01 | GSE128503 | GEO
Project description:ObjectiveTo establish a method for simultaneous determination of liquiritin, liquiritigenin, and isoliquiritinin glycyrrhizin using hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance quantitative technology (1H-qNMR). Methodology. Deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide was used as the solvent, and dichloromethane was used as the internal standard. The probe temperature was 298.0 K, the pulse sequence was Zg30, the number of scans was 16, and relaxation delay (D1) was 10 s. Quantitative characteristic signal peaks were δ 4.891∼4.878 ppm, δ 8.187∼8.172 ppm, and δ 6.790∼6.776 ppm for liquiritin, isoliquiritin, and liquiritigenin, respectively.ResultsThe experimental result showed that the content of flavonoids in Licorice, from Chifeng, Inner Mongolia, was the highest.ConclusionIn this study, a new method for determination of three flavonoids in Licorice using 1H-qNMR was established. This experimental method has the advantages of accuracy, efficiency, and economy. It lays a foundation for the study on the determination of flavonoids content in licorice by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
| S-EPMC7834775 | biostudies-literature